Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method
For the global monitoring plan (GMP) established under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), passive air samplers (PAS) equipped with polyurethane foam disks (PUFs) were recommended for generating comparative results on the presence of POPs in countries. One representative sampling location was designed in each of the 42 countries and the PAS/PUFs exposed for three months to collect POPs during 2017–2019. The PUFs were analyzed in three laboratories according to their chemical nature and concentrations reported per PUF and 90 ± 3 days of exposure. In total, 381 PUFs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), industrial chlorinated POPs, dioxin-like POPs (dl-POPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluoroalkane substances (PFAS). Concentrations typically varied by a factor of up to three for a POP and often within the same geographic region or other denominator such as similar latitudes or altitudes. Maximum values were found for DDT (895 ng/PUF) in Africa, but the highest medium value was in the Latin American countries. Also, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were most abundant across all parameters assessed. Noteworthy were high values in single countries, such as DDT in the Solomon Islands, toxaphene in Mexico, β-HCH and lindane in Tanzania, hexachlorobutadiene and hexabromocyclododecone in Mongolia, deca-BDE and PFOS in Zambia. Although we had two sampling locations at very high altitudes, >2000 m, we could determine increasing POPs concentrations with increasing altitudes only for HCB but not for other POPs. A general dependency on latitudes with higher concentrations towards the north and south pole could not be found, although the most northern station in Mongolia had two of the maxima and elevated values for some legacy POPs.
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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Subjects: | Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants, Altitude, Ambient air, Global monitoring, Latitude, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13, Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/341985 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85181103875 |
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dig-idaea-es-10261-3419852024-05-19T20:38:24Z Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method Fiedler, Heidelore de Boer, Jacob Abad Holgado, Esteban Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts For the global monitoring plan (GMP) established under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), passive air samplers (PAS) equipped with polyurethane foam disks (PUFs) were recommended for generating comparative results on the presence of POPs in countries. One representative sampling location was designed in each of the 42 countries and the PAS/PUFs exposed for three months to collect POPs during 2017–2019. The PUFs were analyzed in three laboratories according to their chemical nature and concentrations reported per PUF and 90 ± 3 days of exposure. In total, 381 PUFs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), industrial chlorinated POPs, dioxin-like POPs (dl-POPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluoroalkane substances (PFAS). Concentrations typically varied by a factor of up to three for a POP and often within the same geographic region or other denominator such as similar latitudes or altitudes. Maximum values were found for DDT (895 ng/PUF) in Africa, but the highest medium value was in the Latin American countries. Also, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were most abundant across all parameters assessed. Noteworthy were high values in single countries, such as DDT in the Solomon Islands, toxaphene in Mexico, β-HCH and lindane in Tanzania, hexachlorobutadiene and hexabromocyclododecone in Mongolia, deca-BDE and PFOS in Zambia. Although we had two sampling locations at very high altitudes, >2000 m, we could determine increasing POPs concentrations with increasing altitudes only for HCB but not for other POPs. A general dependency on latitudes with higher concentrations towards the north and south pole could not be found, although the most northern station in Mongolia had two of the maxima and elevated values for some legacy POPs. The project was founded by UNEP with funds provided by the Global Environment Facility (GEF, Washington, DC, USA). We thank the national coordinators in the 42 countries for their dedicated work in implementing the PAS/PUF component of the projects. Peer reviewed 2024-01-10T07:25:16Z 2024-01-10T07:25:16Z 2024-02-01 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 171: 117494 (2024) 01659936 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/341985 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117494 2-s2.0-85181103875 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85181103875 en TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117494 Sí open Elsevier |
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Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts |
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Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Fiedler, Heidelore de Boer, Jacob Abad Holgado, Esteban Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
description |
For the global monitoring plan (GMP) established under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), passive air samplers (PAS) equipped with polyurethane foam disks (PUFs) were recommended for generating comparative results on the presence of POPs in countries. One representative sampling location was designed in each of the 42 countries and the PAS/PUFs exposed for three months to collect POPs during 2017–2019. The PUFs were analyzed in three laboratories according to their chemical nature and concentrations reported per PUF and 90 ± 3 days of exposure. In total, 381 PUFs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), industrial chlorinated POPs, dioxin-like POPs (dl-POPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluoroalkane substances (PFAS). Concentrations typically varied by a factor of up to three for a POP and often within the same geographic region or other denominator such as similar latitudes or altitudes. Maximum values were found for DDT (895 ng/PUF) in Africa, but the highest medium value was in the Latin American countries. Also, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were most abundant across all parameters assessed. Noteworthy were high values in single countries, such as DDT in the Solomon Islands, toxaphene in Mexico, β-HCH and lindane in Tanzania, hexachlorobutadiene and hexabromocyclododecone in Mongolia, deca-BDE and PFOS in Zambia. Although we had two sampling locations at very high altitudes, >2000 m, we could determine increasing POPs concentrations with increasing altitudes only for HCB but not for other POPs. A general dependency on latitudes with higher concentrations towards the north and south pole could not be found, although the most northern station in Mongolia had two of the maxima and elevated values for some legacy POPs. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants Altitude Ambient air Global monitoring Latitude http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts |
author |
Fiedler, Heidelore de Boer, Jacob Abad Holgado, Esteban |
author_facet |
Fiedler, Heidelore de Boer, Jacob Abad Holgado, Esteban |
author_sort |
Fiedler, Heidelore |
title |
Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
title_short |
Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
title_full |
Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
title_fullStr |
Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
title_full_unstemmed |
Persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
title_sort |
persistent organic pollutants in air across the globe using a comparative passive air sampling method |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2024-02-01 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/341985 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85181103875 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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