Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce
Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.
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Springer Nature
2022-02-09
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Subjects: | Plant metabolites, Conjugates, High-resolution mass spectrometry, Non-target screening, Antibiotics, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/262218 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85124532795 |
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dig-idaea-es-10261-2622182024-05-14T20:39:02Z Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce Tadić, Đorđe Gramblicka, Michal Mistrik, Robert Bayona Termens, Josep María European Commission Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated. The work presented in this paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 675530. Peer reviewed 2022-02-28T11:50:02Z 2022-02-28T11:50:02Z 2022-02-09 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2022) 16182642 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/262218 10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 35141763 2-s2.0-85124532795 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85124532795 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/675530 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6 Sí open Springer Nature |
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Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics |
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Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics Tadić, Đorđe Gramblicka, Michal Mistrik, Robert Bayona Termens, Josep María Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
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Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated. |
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European Commission |
author_facet |
European Commission Tadić, Đorđe Gramblicka, Michal Mistrik, Robert Bayona Termens, Josep María |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Plant metabolites Conjugates High-resolution mass spectrometry Non-target screening Antibiotics |
author |
Tadić, Đorđe Gramblicka, Michal Mistrik, Robert Bayona Termens, Josep María |
author_sort |
Tadić, Đorđe |
title |
Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
title_short |
Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
title_full |
Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
title_fullStr |
Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
title_sort |
systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce |
publisher |
Springer Nature |
publishDate |
2022-02-09 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/262218 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85124532795 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tadicđorđe systematicidentificationoftrimethoprimmetabolitesinlettuce AT gramblickamichal systematicidentificationoftrimethoprimmetabolitesinlettuce AT mistrikrobert systematicidentificationoftrimethoprimmetabolitesinlettuce AT bayonatermensjosepmaria systematicidentificationoftrimethoprimmetabolitesinlettuce |
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1802820319343280128 |