Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions
Using reclaimed water to irrigate crops can be an important route for organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to be introduced into agricultural production and thus find their way into the food chain. This work aims to establish accumulation models for the different parts of a crop (fruit/leaves/roots) and the soil of some of the most commonly detected CECs in reclaimed water, through field trials in greenhouses. For this, tomato plants were permanently irrigated under realistic agricultural conditions with a mixture of the selected compounds at approx. 1 μg/L. A total of 30 contaminants were analyzed belonging to different compound categories. A modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was the procedure used. The study revealed the presence of 21 target contaminants in the tomatoes, and 18 CECs in the leaves, roots, and soil. The average total concentration of pesticides detected in the tomatoes was 3 μg/kg f.w., whereas the average total load of pharmaceuticals was 5.8 μg/kg f.w. after three months, at the time of crop harvesting. The levels of pharmaceutical products and pesticides in the non-edible tissues were up to 3.5 and 2.1 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the leaves and up to 89.3 and 31.3 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the roots. In the case of the soil samples, the pesticide concentration found after crop harvesting was below 11.4 μg/kg d.w., and less than 3.0 μg/kg d.w. for pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentration levels of CECs detected in the tomatoes, which were permanently irrigated with contaminated reclaimed water, do not pose a risk to human health via dietary intake.
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Elsevier
2021-10-13
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Subjects: | Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, Plant uptake, Soil accumulation, Modeling, Human exposure, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253872 |
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dig-idaea-es-10261-2538722022-06-02T08:46:23Z Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions Martínez Bueno, M.J. García Valverde, M. Gómez-Ramos, M. M. Salinas Andújar, J. A. Barceló, Damià Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Barceló, Damià [0000-0002-8873-0491] Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Plant uptake Soil accumulation Modeling Human exposure Using reclaimed water to irrigate crops can be an important route for organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to be introduced into agricultural production and thus find their way into the food chain. This work aims to establish accumulation models for the different parts of a crop (fruit/leaves/roots) and the soil of some of the most commonly detected CECs in reclaimed water, through field trials in greenhouses. For this, tomato plants were permanently irrigated under realistic agricultural conditions with a mixture of the selected compounds at approx. 1 μg/L. A total of 30 contaminants were analyzed belonging to different compound categories. A modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was the procedure used. The study revealed the presence of 21 target contaminants in the tomatoes, and 18 CECs in the leaves, roots, and soil. The average total concentration of pesticides detected in the tomatoes was 3 μg/kg f.w., whereas the average total load of pharmaceuticals was 5.8 μg/kg f.w. after three months, at the time of crop harvesting. The levels of pharmaceutical products and pesticides in the non-edible tissues were up to 3.5 and 2.1 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the leaves and up to 89.3 and 31.3 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the roots. In the case of the soil samples, the pesticide concentration found after crop harvesting was below 11.4 μg/kg d.w., and less than 3.0 μg/kg d.w. for pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentration levels of CECs detected in the tomatoes, which were permanently irrigated with contaminated reclaimed water, do not pose a risk to human health via dietary intake. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN) as part of Project “ROUSSEAU” (CTM2017-89767-C3-3-R). M. García-Valverde acknowledges the pre-doctoral fellowship associated to the project (PRE2018-087072). Dr. María del Mar Gómez Ramos acknowledges funding obtained for a research contract from the European Social Fund 2014–2020 and the Ministry of Health, Andalusian Regional Government. Peer reviewed 2021-11-08T09:14:09Z 2021-11-08T09:14:09Z 2021-10-13 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Science of the Total Environment 150909 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253872 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150909 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CTM2017-89767-C3-3-R Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150909 Sí open Elsevier |
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Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Plant uptake Soil accumulation Modeling Human exposure Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Plant uptake Soil accumulation Modeling Human exposure Martínez Bueno, M.J. García Valverde, M. Gómez-Ramos, M. M. Salinas Andújar, J. A. Barceló, Damià Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R. Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
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Using reclaimed water to irrigate crops can be an important route for organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to be introduced into agricultural production and thus find their way into the food chain. This work aims to establish accumulation models for the different parts of a crop (fruit/leaves/roots) and the soil of some of the most commonly detected CECs in reclaimed water, through field trials in greenhouses. For this, tomato plants were permanently irrigated under realistic agricultural conditions with a mixture of the selected compounds at approx. 1 μg/L. A total of 30 contaminants were analyzed belonging to different compound categories. A modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was the procedure used. The study revealed the presence of 21 target contaminants in the tomatoes, and 18 CECs in the leaves, roots, and soil. The average total concentration of pesticides detected in the tomatoes was 3 μg/kg f.w., whereas the average total load of pharmaceuticals was 5.8 μg/kg f.w. after three months, at the time of crop harvesting. The levels of pharmaceutical products and pesticides in the non-edible tissues were up to 3.5 and 2.1 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the leaves and up to 89.3 and 31.3 μg/kg f.w., respectively, in the roots. In the case of the soil samples, the pesticide concentration found after crop harvesting was below 11.4 μg/kg d.w., and less than 3.0 μg/kg d.w. for pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentration levels of CECs detected in the tomatoes, which were permanently irrigated with contaminated reclaimed water, do not pose a risk to human health via dietary intake. |
author2 |
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) |
author_facet |
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Martínez Bueno, M.J. García Valverde, M. Gómez-Ramos, M. M. Salinas Andújar, J. A. Barceló, Damià Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Plant uptake Soil accumulation Modeling Human exposure |
author |
Martínez Bueno, M.J. García Valverde, M. Gómez-Ramos, M. M. Salinas Andújar, J. A. Barceló, Damià Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R. |
author_sort |
Martínez Bueno, M.J. |
title |
Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
title_short |
Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
title_full |
Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
title_fullStr |
Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
title_sort |
fate, modeling, and human health risk of organic contaminants present in tomato plants irrigated with reclaimed water under real-world field conditions |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021-10-13 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/253872 |
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