Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities
The direct effects of large-scale disturbances are readily studied because their effects are often apparent and result in large changes to ecosystems. Direct effects can cascade through the ecosystem, leading to indirect effects that are often subtle and difficult to detect. Managing anthropogenic disturbances, such as chemical contamination, requires an understanding of both direct and indirect effects to predict, measure, and characterize the impact. Using a replicated whole-ecosystem experiment and path analyses (assesses the effects of a set of variables on a specified outcome, similar to multiple regression), we examined the direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities. The latter did not impact any measured endpoints. The strongest drivers of macrophyte, benthic invertebrate, and amphibian assemblages were the ephemerality and the size of wetlands, factors which were not altered by herbicide applications. The herbicide had a direct negative effect on macrophyte cover, amphibian larval abundance, and the proportion of predatory benthic invertebrates. However, both amphibians and invertebrates were positively affected by the reduction in the macrophyte cover caused by the herbicide applications. The opposing directions of the direct and indirect effects lead to no net change in either group. The compensatory dynamics observed herein highlight the need for a better understanding of indirect effects pathways to determine whether common anthropogenic disturbances alter the ecological communities in small wetland ecosystems.
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2020
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dig-idaea-es-10261-2407822022-05-20T04:30:22Z Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities Edge, C. B. Baker, L. F. Lanctôt, C. M. Melvin, S. D. Gahl, M. K. Kurban, L. Navarro-Martín, Laia Kidd, K. A. Trudeau, V. L. Thompson, D. G. Mudge, J. F. Houlahan, J. E. The direct effects of large-scale disturbances are readily studied because their effects are often apparent and result in large changes to ecosystems. Direct effects can cascade through the ecosystem, leading to indirect effects that are often subtle and difficult to detect. Managing anthropogenic disturbances, such as chemical contamination, requires an understanding of both direct and indirect effects to predict, measure, and characterize the impact. Using a replicated whole-ecosystem experiment and path analyses (assesses the effects of a set of variables on a specified outcome, similar to multiple regression), we examined the direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities. The latter did not impact any measured endpoints. The strongest drivers of macrophyte, benthic invertebrate, and amphibian assemblages were the ephemerality and the size of wetlands, factors which were not altered by herbicide applications. The herbicide had a direct negative effect on macrophyte cover, amphibian larval abundance, and the proportion of predatory benthic invertebrates. However, both amphibians and invertebrates were positively affected by the reduction in the macrophyte cover caused by the herbicide applications. The opposing directions of the direct and indirect effects lead to no net change in either group. The compensatory dynamics observed herein highlight the need for a better understanding of indirect effects pathways to determine whether common anthropogenic disturbances alter the ecological communities in small wetland ecosystems. We thank the numerous undergraduate researchers who assisted with field and laboratory work. Bruce D. Pauli and Courtney Robertson were involved with the original study. Funding was provided by NSERC-SGP (JEH, KAK, VLT), the Canadian Department of Defence (CFB Gagetown), the University of New Brunswick (JEH, KAK), the University of Ottawa Research Chair Program (VLT), Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service (DGT, CBE), and Environment and Climate Change Canada (BDP, VLT). Animal-handling procedures were approved by the University of New Brunswick Animal Care Committee, protocol 2009-01-04. 2021-05-14T09:05:30Z 2021-05-14T09:05:30Z 2020 2021-05-14T09:05:31Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137254 issn: 1879-1026 Science of the Total Environment 718 (2020) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/240782 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137254 Postprint http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137254 Sí open Elsevier |
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The direct effects of large-scale disturbances are readily studied because their effects are often apparent and result in large changes to ecosystems. Direct effects can cascade through the ecosystem, leading to indirect effects that are often subtle and difficult to detect. Managing anthropogenic disturbances, such as chemical contamination, requires an understanding of both direct and indirect effects to predict, measure, and characterize the impact. Using a replicated whole-ecosystem experiment and path analyses (assesses the effects of a set of variables on a specified outcome, similar to multiple regression), we examined the direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities. The latter did not impact any measured endpoints. The strongest drivers of macrophyte, benthic invertebrate, and amphibian assemblages were the ephemerality and the size of wetlands, factors which were not altered by herbicide applications. The herbicide had a direct negative effect on macrophyte cover, amphibian larval abundance, and the proportion of predatory benthic invertebrates. However, both amphibians and invertebrates were positively affected by the reduction in the macrophyte cover caused by the herbicide applications. The opposing directions of the direct and indirect effects lead to no net change in either group. The compensatory dynamics observed herein highlight the need for a better understanding of indirect effects pathways to determine whether common anthropogenic disturbances alter the ecological communities in small wetland ecosystems. |
| format |
artículo |
| author |
Edge, C. B. Baker, L. F. Lanctôt, C. M. Melvin, S. D. Gahl, M. K. Kurban, L. Navarro-Martín, Laia Kidd, K. A. Trudeau, V. L. Thompson, D. G. Mudge, J. F. Houlahan, J. E. |
| spellingShingle |
Edge, C. B. Baker, L. F. Lanctôt, C. M. Melvin, S. D. Gahl, M. K. Kurban, L. Navarro-Martín, Laia Kidd, K. A. Trudeau, V. L. Thompson, D. G. Mudge, J. F. Houlahan, J. E. Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| author_facet |
Edge, C. B. Baker, L. F. Lanctôt, C. M. Melvin, S. D. Gahl, M. K. Kurban, L. Navarro-Martín, Laia Kidd, K. A. Trudeau, V. L. Thompson, D. G. Mudge, J. F. Houlahan, J. E. |
| author_sort |
Edge, C. B. |
| title |
Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| title_short |
Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| title_full |
Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| title_fullStr |
Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| title_sort |
compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities |
| publisher |
Elsevier |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/240782 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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1777669528479596544 |