How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis
Background The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators. Methods We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were derived from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional and Metropolitan Database. We used distributed lag non-linear and multivariate meta-regression models to estimate fractions of mortality attributable to heat and cold (AF%) in each city, and to evaluate the effect modification of each indicator across cities. Results Heat- and cold-related deaths amounted to 0.54% (95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.58%) and 6.05% (5.59 to 6.36%) of total deaths, respectively. Several city indicators modify the effect of heat, with a higher mortality impact associated with increases in population density, fine particles (PM2.5), gross domestic product (GDP) and Gini index (a measure of income inequality), whereas higher levels of green spaces were linked with a decreased effect of heat. Conclusions This represents the largest study to date assessing the effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships. Evidence from this study can inform public-health interventions and urban planning under various climate-change and urban-development scenarios.
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Oxford University Press
2019-02-27
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Subjects: | Temperatures, Heat, Climate, Body temperature, Environment, Green Space and Pollution, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/209765 |
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dig-idaea-es-10261-2097652020-04-30T09:35:32Z How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis Sera, Francesco Tobías, Aurelio Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755] Temperatures Heat Climate Body temperature Environment Green Space and Pollution Background The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators. Methods We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were derived from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional and Metropolitan Database. We used distributed lag non-linear and multivariate meta-regression models to estimate fractions of mortality attributable to heat and cold (AF%) in each city, and to evaluate the effect modification of each indicator across cities. Results Heat- and cold-related deaths amounted to 0.54% (95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.58%) and 6.05% (5.59 to 6.36%) of total deaths, respectively. Several city indicators modify the effect of heat, with a higher mortality impact associated with increases in population density, fine particles (PM2.5), gross domestic product (GDP) and Gini index (a measure of income inequality), whereas higher levels of green spaces were linked with a decreased effect of heat. Conclusions This represents the largest study to date assessing the effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships. Evidence from this study can inform public-health interventions and urban planning under various climate-change and urban-development scenarios. This work was primarily supported by the Medical Research Council—UK (MR/M022625/1). The following individual grants also supported this work: Y.G. was supported by the Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1107107); A.T. was supported by the Ministry of Education of Spain (PRX17/00705); J.J.K.J. and N.R.I.R. were supported by the Research Council for Health, Academy of Finland (266314); Y.L.G. was supported by the National Health Research Institutes of Taiwan (NHRI-EM-106-SP03); M.L.B. was supported by a US Environmental Protection Agency Assistance Agreement awarded to Yale University (83587101). Peer reviewed 2020-04-30T09:35:32Z 2020-04-30T09:35:32Z 2019-02-27 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 International Journal of Epidemiology 48 (4): 1101–1112 (2019) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/209765 10.1093/ije/dyz008 en Preprint https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz008 Sí open Oxford University Press |
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Temperatures Heat Climate Body temperature Environment Green Space and Pollution Temperatures Heat Climate Body temperature Environment Green Space and Pollution Sera, Francesco Tobías, Aurelio Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
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Background
The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators.
Methods
We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were derived from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional and Metropolitan Database. We used distributed lag non-linear and multivariate meta-regression models to estimate fractions of mortality attributable to heat and cold (AF%) in each city, and to evaluate the effect modification of each indicator across cities.
Results
Heat- and cold-related deaths amounted to 0.54% (95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.58%) and 6.05% (5.59 to 6.36%) of total deaths, respectively. Several city indicators modify the effect of heat, with a higher mortality impact associated with increases in population density, fine particles (PM2.5), gross domestic product (GDP) and Gini index (a measure of income inequality), whereas higher levels of green spaces were linked with a decreased effect of heat.
Conclusions
This represents the largest study to date assessing the effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships. Evidence from this study can inform public-health interventions and urban planning under various climate-change and urban-development scenarios. |
author2 |
Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755] |
author_facet |
Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755] Sera, Francesco Tobías, Aurelio Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Temperatures Heat Climate Body temperature Environment Green Space and Pollution |
author |
Sera, Francesco Tobías, Aurelio Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria |
author_sort |
Sera, Francesco |
title |
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
title_short |
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
title_full |
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
title_fullStr |
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
title_sort |
how urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2019-02-27 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/209765 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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