Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells
Extract from papaya leaves, a waste material from fruit farms in Malaysia was previously reported to possess remarkable antioxidative activities. In this study, papaya leaf extract was separated into fractions of different polarities [petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB) and water (W) fractions]. The aim of this research was to determine the most active fraction in terms of its chemopreventive effects towards oxidative stress and the chemical constituents involved. The cytoprotective nature of the papaya fractions was observed against t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 liver cell line. ROS assay indicated that only PE and EA effectively reduced the increment of radical due to the pro-oxidant, t-BOOH. Nevertheless, PE was a stronger ROS scavenger by demonstrating ROS reducing activity in a dose-dependent manner to the basal level. This fraction was also found to inhibit cell death caused by t-BOOH toxicity, attenuating lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage by more than 90% (p. <. 0.05). In addition, gene expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes (hmox-1 and nqo-1) and their transcription factor (nrf-2) were shown to be upregulated upon PE treatment during a time-course study. A GC-MS fingerprint of the active fraction was subsequently obtained with standardization using the marker compound; α-tocopherol, a well known antioxidant. However, this pure compound was not as effective as its corresponding PE concentrations in ROS reduction. Hence, PE of papaya leaf extract was a strong antioxidant and cytoprotectant with tremendous potential to be harnessed into the next therapeutic remedy against oxidative stress of the liver. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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2014
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Subjects: | nrf-2, nqo-1, hmox-1, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Carica papaya L, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/102681 |
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dig-ictan-es-10261-1026812016-12-27T12:49:11Z Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells Tan, Sheri-Ann Goya, Luis Ramanathan, Surash Sulaiman, S. F. Alam, Maqsudul Navaratnam, V. nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L Extract from papaya leaves, a waste material from fruit farms in Malaysia was previously reported to possess remarkable antioxidative activities. In this study, papaya leaf extract was separated into fractions of different polarities [petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB) and water (W) fractions]. The aim of this research was to determine the most active fraction in terms of its chemopreventive effects towards oxidative stress and the chemical constituents involved. The cytoprotective nature of the papaya fractions was observed against t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 liver cell line. ROS assay indicated that only PE and EA effectively reduced the increment of radical due to the pro-oxidant, t-BOOH. Nevertheless, PE was a stronger ROS scavenger by demonstrating ROS reducing activity in a dose-dependent manner to the basal level. This fraction was also found to inhibit cell death caused by t-BOOH toxicity, attenuating lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage by more than 90% (p. <. 0.05). In addition, gene expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes (hmox-1 and nqo-1) and their transcription factor (nrf-2) were shown to be upregulated upon PE treatment during a time-course study. A GC-MS fingerprint of the active fraction was subsequently obtained with standardization using the marker compound; α-tocopherol, a well known antioxidant. However, this pure compound was not as effective as its corresponding PE concentrations in ROS reduction. Hence, PE of papaya leaf extract was a strong antioxidant and cytoprotectant with tremendous potential to be harnessed into the next therapeutic remedy against oxidative stress of the liver. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Peer Reviewed 2014-09-30T09:22:28Z 2014-09-30T09:22:28Z 2014 2014-09-30T09:22:28Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.040 issn: 0963-9969 Food Research International 64: 387- 395 (2014) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/102681 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.040 none Elsevier |
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nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L |
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nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L Tan, Sheri-Ann Goya, Luis Ramanathan, Surash Sulaiman, S. F. Alam, Maqsudul Navaratnam, V. Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
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Extract from papaya leaves, a waste material from fruit farms in Malaysia was previously reported to possess remarkable antioxidative activities. In this study, papaya leaf extract was separated into fractions of different polarities [petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB) and water (W) fractions]. The aim of this research was to determine the most active fraction in terms of its chemopreventive effects towards oxidative stress and the chemical constituents involved. The cytoprotective nature of the papaya fractions was observed against t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 liver cell line. ROS assay indicated that only PE and EA effectively reduced the increment of radical due to the pro-oxidant, t-BOOH. Nevertheless, PE was a stronger ROS scavenger by demonstrating ROS reducing activity in a dose-dependent manner to the basal level. This fraction was also found to inhibit cell death caused by t-BOOH toxicity, attenuating lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage by more than 90% (p. <. 0.05). In addition, gene expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes (hmox-1 and nqo-1) and their transcription factor (nrf-2) were shown to be upregulated upon PE treatment during a time-course study. A GC-MS fingerprint of the active fraction was subsequently obtained with standardization using the marker compound; α-tocopherol, a well known antioxidant. However, this pure compound was not as effective as its corresponding PE concentrations in ROS reduction. Hence, PE of papaya leaf extract was a strong antioxidant and cytoprotectant with tremendous potential to be harnessed into the next therapeutic remedy against oxidative stress of the liver. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. |
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artículo |
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nrf-2 nqo-1 hmox-1 Antioxidant Oxidative stress Carica papaya L |
author |
Tan, Sheri-Ann Goya, Luis Ramanathan, Surash Sulaiman, S. F. Alam, Maqsudul Navaratnam, V. |
author_facet |
Tan, Sheri-Ann Goya, Luis Ramanathan, Surash Sulaiman, S. F. Alam, Maqsudul Navaratnam, V. |
author_sort |
Tan, Sheri-Ann |
title |
Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
title_short |
Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
title_full |
Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
title_fullStr |
Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
title_sort |
chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/102681 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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