How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009)
13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0536-1
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| Format: | artículo biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2014-04
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| Subjects: | Nitrogen cycle perturbation, Net anthropogenic nitrogen input, Agriculture, Trade, Diet, Country scale, NANI, |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/108661 |
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dig-icm-es-10261-1086612020-11-26T18:03:11Z How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) Lassaletta, Luis Billen, Gilles Romero, Estela Garnier, Josette Aguilera, Eduardo Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0536-1 During the last five decades (1961–2009), Spain has experienced a considerable expansion in the nutrient cycle of its agricultural sector and, in particular, a threefold increase in anthropogenic reactive nitrogen inputs, from 536 Gg N year-1 in 1961–1965 to 1673 Gg N year-1 in 2005–2009. Import of feed (soybean, cereals, and cakes) from America and Europe to supply a growing livestock population constitutes the largest share of this increase, along with intensification of synthetic fertilizer use. While in the early 1960s, Spain was nearly self-sufficient in terms of food and feed supply, the net import of agricultural products presently equals domestic crop production, when expressed in terms of nitrogen content (ca. 650 Gg N year-1). The most important driver of this shift appears to be the rapid change in domestic consumption patterns, which evolved from a typical Mediterranean diet to an animal-protein-rich diet similar to the North European and American diets. Besides livestock production mostly for national consumption, the Spanish agricultural system has specialized in vegetal products with low N content such as olive oil, wine, vegetables, and citrus fruit, which are for the most part exported. The nitrogen load exported outside the Spanish borders by rivers is very low (6.5 % of the total net N input). As a result of the high import and low export of reactive nitrogen, the Spanish mainland is suffering from considerable pollution by local emissions of reactive nitrogen forms to air and water Peer reviewed 2014-12-12T09:47:46Z 2014-12-12T09:47:46Z 2014-04 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Regional Environmental Change 14(2): 785-797 (2014) 1436-3798 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/108661 10.1007/s10113-013-0536-1 1436-378X en https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0536-1 Sí none Springer |
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España |
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ES |
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biblioteca |
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Europa del Sur |
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Biblioteca del ICM España |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI |
| spellingShingle |
Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI Lassaletta, Luis Billen, Gilles Romero, Estela Garnier, Josette Aguilera, Eduardo How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| description |
13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0536-1 |
| format |
artículo |
| topic_facet |
Nitrogen cycle perturbation Net anthropogenic nitrogen input Agriculture Trade Diet Country scale NANI |
| author |
Lassaletta, Luis Billen, Gilles Romero, Estela Garnier, Josette Aguilera, Eduardo |
| author_facet |
Lassaletta, Luis Billen, Gilles Romero, Estela Garnier, Josette Aguilera, Eduardo |
| author_sort |
Lassaletta, Luis |
| title |
How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| title_short |
How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| title_full |
How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| title_fullStr |
How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
How changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the N cycle at the national scale: Spain (1961–2009) |
| title_sort |
how changes in diet and trade patterns have shaped the n cycle at the national scale: spain (1961–2009) |
| publisher |
Springer |
| publishDate |
2014-04 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/108661 |
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