Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo
Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was analyzed by placing five landmarks on the tip of the main dentine horns, and 142 semilandmarks along the marginal ridges connecting the dentine horns. Paleoproteomic analyses were conducted on 15 teeth of Late Pleistocene Pongo using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric morphometric results show variations in EDJ shape regarding aspects of the height and position of the dentine horns and connecting ridges. Despite the issue of molar position and sample size, modern molars are distinguished from fossil counterparts by their elongated tooth outline and narrowly positioned dentine horns. Proteomic results show that neither a distinction of P. pygmaeus and P. abelii, nor a consistent allocation of fossil specimens to extant species is feasible. Based on the EDJ shape, the (late) Middle to Late Pleistocene Pongo samples from Vietnam share the same morphospace, supporting the previous allocation to P. devosi, although substantial overlap with Chinese fossils could also indicate close affinities with P. weidenreichi. The hypothesis that both species represent one chronospecies cannot be ruled out. Two fossil specimens, one from Tam Hay Marklot (Laos, Late Pleistocene), and another from Sangiran (Java, Early to Middle Pleistocene), along with some specimens within the Punung sample (Java), exhibit affinities with Pongo abelii. The Punung fossils might represent a mix of early Late Pleistocene and later specimens (terminal Pleistocene to Holocene) related to modern Pongo. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the complete Punung sample needs to be further investigated.
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dig-ibe-es-10261-3481542024-02-23T10:54:17Z Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo Kubat, Jülide Paterson Ryan Patramanis, Ioannis Barker, Graeme Demeter, Fabrice Filoux, Arnaud Kullmer, Ottmar Mackie, Meaghan Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai Tuan, Nguyen Anh Pheng, Sytha Rippengal, Jessica Schrenk, Friedemann Souksavatdy, Viengkeo Tshen, Lim Tze Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat Wang, Wei Zanolli, Clément Cappellini, Enrico Bacon, Anne-Marie European Commission Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075] Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was analyzed by placing five landmarks on the tip of the main dentine horns, and 142 semilandmarks along the marginal ridges connecting the dentine horns. Paleoproteomic analyses were conducted on 15 teeth of Late Pleistocene Pongo using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric morphometric results show variations in EDJ shape regarding aspects of the height and position of the dentine horns and connecting ridges. Despite the issue of molar position and sample size, modern molars are distinguished from fossil counterparts by their elongated tooth outline and narrowly positioned dentine horns. Proteomic results show that neither a distinction of P. pygmaeus and P. abelii, nor a consistent allocation of fossil specimens to extant species is feasible. Based on the EDJ shape, the (late) Middle to Late Pleistocene Pongo samples from Vietnam share the same morphospace, supporting the previous allocation to P. devosi, although substantial overlap with Chinese fossils could also indicate close affinities with P. weidenreichi. The hypothesis that both species represent one chronospecies cannot be ruled out. Two fossil specimens, one from Tam Hay Marklot (Laos, Late Pleistocene), and another from Sangiran (Java, Early to Middle Pleistocene), along with some specimens within the Punung sample (Java), exhibit affinities with Pongo abelii. The Punung fossils might represent a mix of early Late Pleistocene and later specimens (terminal Pleistocene to Holocene) related to modern Pongo. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the complete Punung sample needs to be further investigated. Funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (https://marie-sklodowska-curieactions.ec.europa.eu/) grant agreement No. 861389 (JK, RP, IP,TMB,EC,FD,CZ,AMB). EC, FD, MM, CZ and AMB are supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101021361. Scanning of Vietnamese fossil specimens was funded by the CNRS (https://www.cnrs.fr/fr) grant PICS n°5712 (AMB). Peer reviewed 2024-02-23T10:54:16Z 2024-02-23T10:54:16Z 2023-12-15 artículo PLoS ONE 18(12): e0291308 (2023) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/348154 10.1371/journal.pone.0291308 1932-6203 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/861389 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101021361 Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291308 Sí open application/pdf Public Library of Science |
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Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was analyzed by placing five landmarks on the tip of the main dentine horns, and 142 semilandmarks along the marginal ridges connecting the dentine horns. Paleoproteomic analyses were conducted on 15 teeth of Late Pleistocene Pongo using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric morphometric results show variations in EDJ shape regarding aspects of the height and position of the dentine horns and connecting ridges. Despite the issue of molar position and sample size, modern molars are distinguished from fossil counterparts by their elongated tooth outline and narrowly positioned dentine horns. Proteomic results show that neither a distinction of P. pygmaeus and P. abelii, nor a consistent allocation of fossil specimens to extant species is feasible. Based on the EDJ shape, the (late) Middle to Late Pleistocene Pongo samples from Vietnam share the same morphospace, supporting the previous allocation to P. devosi, although substantial overlap with Chinese fossils could also indicate close affinities with P. weidenreichi. The hypothesis that both species represent one chronospecies cannot be ruled out. Two fossil specimens, one from Tam Hay Marklot (Laos, Late Pleistocene), and another from Sangiran (Java, Early to Middle Pleistocene), along with some specimens within the Punung sample (Java), exhibit affinities with Pongo abelii. The Punung fossils might represent a mix of early Late Pleistocene and later specimens (terminal Pleistocene to Holocene) related to modern Pongo. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the complete Punung sample needs to be further investigated. |
author2 |
European Commission |
author_facet |
European Commission Kubat, Jülide Paterson Ryan Patramanis, Ioannis Barker, Graeme Demeter, Fabrice Filoux, Arnaud Kullmer, Ottmar Mackie, Meaghan Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai Tuan, Nguyen Anh Pheng, Sytha Rippengal, Jessica Schrenk, Friedemann Souksavatdy, Viengkeo Tshen, Lim Tze Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat Wang, Wei Zanolli, Clément Cappellini, Enrico Bacon, Anne-Marie |
format |
artículo |
author |
Kubat, Jülide Paterson Ryan Patramanis, Ioannis Barker, Graeme Demeter, Fabrice Filoux, Arnaud Kullmer, Ottmar Mackie, Meaghan Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai Tuan, Nguyen Anh Pheng, Sytha Rippengal, Jessica Schrenk, Friedemann Souksavatdy, Viengkeo Tshen, Lim Tze Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat Wang, Wei Zanolli, Clément Cappellini, Enrico Bacon, Anne-Marie |
spellingShingle |
Kubat, Jülide Paterson Ryan Patramanis, Ioannis Barker, Graeme Demeter, Fabrice Filoux, Arnaud Kullmer, Ottmar Mackie, Meaghan Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai Tuan, Nguyen Anh Pheng, Sytha Rippengal, Jessica Schrenk, Friedemann Souksavatdy, Viengkeo Tshen, Lim Tze Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat Wang, Wei Zanolli, Clément Cappellini, Enrico Bacon, Anne-Marie Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
author_sort |
Kubat, Jülide |
title |
Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
title_short |
Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
title_full |
Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
title_fullStr |
Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo |
title_sort |
geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of pongo |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2023-12-15 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/348154 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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