Interplay between the gut-brain axis, obesity and cognitive function

Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood and cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning and executive functions compared to normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies also indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, and vice versa. These associations between pathologies that presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota is a mediating factor between the environmental pressures (e.g., diet, lifestyle) and host physiology, and its alteration could partly explain the cross-link between those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, which also promotes a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota; this, in turn, seems to contribute to obesity-related complications. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans suggest that the obesity-associated microbiota may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and inflammatory alterations underlying obesity and its comorbidities. These include dysregulation of the HPA-axis with overproduction of glucocorticoids, alterations in levels of neuroactive metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) and activation of a pro-inflammatory milieu that can cause neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about the role and mode of action of the gut microbiota in the cross-link between energy metabolism, mood and cognitive function.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Agustí, Ana, García-Pardo, María Pilar, López-Almela, Inmaculada, Campillo, Isabel, Maes, M., Romaní Pérez, Marina, Sanz Herranz, Yolanda
Other Authors:	European Commission
Format:	artículo biblioteca
Published:	Frontiers Media 2018
Subjects:	Microbiota, Behaviour, Obesity, Mood, Cognition,
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/195501 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
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