Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation
A substantial area of the new almond plantations in Spain is under irrigation but because of water scarcity, deficit irrigation (DI) strategies have to be adopted. This study assesses the long-term sustainability of different DI strategies over 6 years (2014–2019) on a mature almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Web] orchard in southern Spain. Four irrigation treatments were imposed: full irrigation (FI); two moderate DI, (SDIM) and (RDIM), where applied irrigation was 65% of FI but differed in the seasonal water distribution; and a severe DI, where applied irrigation was 35% of FI. The results emphasise the key role of soil water storage and the importance to consider crop evapotranspiration (ETC) as the principal driving variable of productivity instead of irrigation in many situations. Soil water partially buffered the irrigation reductions imposed, leading to no significant differences in yield performance between the two different moderate DI treatments. The water production functions (yield versus applied irrigation and yield versus ETC) did not show statistical differences when comparing the first (2014–2016) against that of the second triennia (2017–2019), suggesting the non-existence of exhaustion or adaptation phenomena that could jeopardize the longer term sustainability of DI strategies. Average annual ETC ranged from 580 mm in the RDIS treatment to a maximum value of 1300 mm, yielding between 1370 and 2750 kg ha−1 of nuts, and showed that water deficits caused yield losses ranging from 0.05 to 0.35 kg m−3 of irrigation water depending on the irrigation level.
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2021-02-02
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dig-ias-es-10261-2679982022-07-16T02:21:34Z Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation Moldero, David López-Bernal, Álvaro Testi, Luca Lorite, Ignacio J. Fereres Castiel, Elías Orgaz Rosua, Francisco Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) European Commission Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) A substantial area of the new almond plantations in Spain is under irrigation but because of water scarcity, deficit irrigation (DI) strategies have to be adopted. This study assesses the long-term sustainability of different DI strategies over 6 years (2014–2019) on a mature almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Web] orchard in southern Spain. Four irrigation treatments were imposed: full irrigation (FI); two moderate DI, (SDIM) and (RDIM), where applied irrigation was 65% of FI but differed in the seasonal water distribution; and a severe DI, where applied irrigation was 35% of FI. The results emphasise the key role of soil water storage and the importance to consider crop evapotranspiration (ETC) as the principal driving variable of productivity instead of irrigation in many situations. Soil water partially buffered the irrigation reductions imposed, leading to no significant differences in yield performance between the two different moderate DI treatments. The water production functions (yield versus applied irrigation and yield versus ETC) did not show statistical differences when comparing the first (2014–2016) against that of the second triennia (2017–2019), suggesting the non-existence of exhaustion or adaptation phenomena that could jeopardize the longer term sustainability of DI strategies. Average annual ETC ranged from 580 mm in the RDIS treatment to a maximum value of 1300 mm, yielding between 1370 and 2750 kg ha−1 of nuts, and showed that water deficits caused yield losses ranging from 0.05 to 0.35 kg m−3 of irrigation water depending on the irrigation level. This research was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN), project AGL2015-66141-R, co-financed by the European Union FEDER Funds, project INNOVA-Clima (PR.AVA.AVA2019.051) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and project PCI2019-103621 by the MICINN. D.M. is a holder of a pre-doctoral fellowship funded by MICINN. ÁL-B was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the ‘Juan de la Cierva-Formación’ program (FJCI-2015-24109, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness). Peer reviewed 2022-04-27T11:20:21Z 2022-04-27T11:20:21Z 2021-02-02 2022-04-27T11:20:21Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1007/s00271-021-00720-8 issn: 0342-7188 e-issn: 1432-1319 Irrigation Science 39: 409-420 (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/267998 10.1007/s00271-021-00720-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AGL2015-66141-R/ES/SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL RIEGO DEL ALMENDRO EN UN FUTURO DE ESCASEZ DE AGUA/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PCI2019-103621/ES/ANALISIS MULTISECTORIAL DE LOS IMPACTOS DEL CAMBIO CLIMATICO Y DE USO DE SUELO SOBRE POLINIZADORES, BIODIVERSIDAD Y RENDIMIENTO DE LOS CULTIVOS/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//FJCI-2015-24109/ES/FJCI-2015-24109/ Postprint Moldero, David; López-Bernal, Álvaro; Testi, Luca; Lorite, Ignacio J.; Fereres Castiel, Elías; Orgaz Rosua, Francisco. Correction to: Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation. Irrigation Science 39: 685 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00733-3 . http://hdl.handle.net/10261/268037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00720-8 Sí open application/pdf Springer Nature |
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A substantial area of the new almond plantations in Spain is under irrigation but because of water scarcity, deficit irrigation (DI) strategies have to be adopted. This study assesses the long-term sustainability of different DI strategies over 6 years (2014–2019) on a mature almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Web] orchard in southern Spain. Four irrigation treatments were imposed: full irrigation (FI); two moderate DI, (SDIM) and (RDIM), where applied irrigation was 65% of FI but differed in the seasonal water distribution; and a severe DI, where applied irrigation was 35% of FI. The results emphasise the key role of soil water storage and the importance to consider crop evapotranspiration (ETC) as the principal driving variable of productivity instead of irrigation in many situations. Soil water partially buffered the irrigation reductions imposed, leading to no significant differences in yield performance between the two different moderate DI treatments. The water production functions (yield versus applied irrigation and yield versus ETC) did not show statistical differences when comparing the first (2014–2016) against that of the second triennia (2017–2019), suggesting the non-existence of exhaustion or adaptation phenomena that could jeopardize the longer term sustainability of DI strategies. Average annual ETC ranged from 580 mm in the RDIS treatment to a maximum value of 1300 mm, yielding between 1370 and 2750 kg ha−1 of nuts, and showed that water deficits caused yield losses ranging from 0.05 to 0.35 kg m−3 of irrigation water depending on the irrigation level. |
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) |
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Moldero, David López-Bernal, Álvaro Testi, Luca Lorite, Ignacio J. Fereres Castiel, Elías Orgaz Rosua, Francisco |
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Moldero, David López-Bernal, Álvaro Testi, Luca Lorite, Ignacio J. Fereres Castiel, Elías Orgaz Rosua, Francisco |
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Moldero, David López-Bernal, Álvaro Testi, Luca Lorite, Ignacio J. Fereres Castiel, Elías Orgaz Rosua, Francisco Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
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Moldero, David |
title |
Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
title_short |
Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
title_full |
Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
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Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
title_sort |
long-term almond yield response to deficit irrigation |
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Springer Nature |
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2021-02-02 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/267998 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
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