Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host
Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are interesting because their potential use as biological control agents of the plant diseases caused by their fungal hosts. The recently identified chrysovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) has been associated to the induction of hypovirulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, the forma specialis of F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). In this work, we have used confocal laser scanner microscopy and two isogenic GFP-labeled strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi infected (V+) and not infected (V−) with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1, respectively, to analyze the effect of mycovirus FodV1 on the plant colonization pattern of its fungal host. Results demonstrate that FodV1-viral infection affects the speed and spatial distribution of fungal colonization into the plant. Initial stages of external root colonization were similar for both strains, but the virus-free strain colonized the internal plant tissues faster than the virus-infected strain. In addition, other differences related to the specific zone colonized and the density of colonization were observed between both F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi strains. The hyphae of both V− and V+ strains progressed up through the xylem vessels but differences in the number of vessels colonized and of hyphae inside them were found. Moreover, as colonization progressed, V− and V+ hyphae propagated horizontally reaching the central medulla but, while the virus-free strain V− densely colonized the interior of the medulla cells, the virus-infected strain V+ appeared mainly in the intercellular spaces and with a lower density of colonization. Finally, the incidence of FodV1-viral infections in a collection of 221 isolates sampled between 2008 and 2012 in the geographic area where the originally infected isolate was obtained has been also analyzed. The very low (<2%) incidence of viral infections is discussed here. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first microscopic evidence about the effect of a hypovirulence-inducing mycovirus on the pattern of plant colonization by its fungal host.
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Frontiers Media
2019-03-12
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Subjects: | Fusarium oxysporum, Carnation, Chrysovirus FodV1, Hypovirulence, CLSM microscopy, Mycovirus-dissemination, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/207104 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
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dig-ias-es-10261-2071042021-12-27T15:35:57Z Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host Torres-Trenas, Almudena Prieto, Pilar Cañizares, M. Carmen García-Pedrajas, María D. Pérez-Artés, Encarnación Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) European Commission CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI) Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are interesting because their potential use as biological control agents of the plant diseases caused by their fungal hosts. The recently identified chrysovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) has been associated to the induction of hypovirulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, the forma specialis of F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). In this work, we have used confocal laser scanner microscopy and two isogenic GFP-labeled strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi infected (V+) and not infected (V−) with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1, respectively, to analyze the effect of mycovirus FodV1 on the plant colonization pattern of its fungal host. Results demonstrate that FodV1-viral infection affects the speed and spatial distribution of fungal colonization into the plant. Initial stages of external root colonization were similar for both strains, but the virus-free strain colonized the internal plant tissues faster than the virus-infected strain. In addition, other differences related to the specific zone colonized and the density of colonization were observed between both F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi strains. The hyphae of both V− and V+ strains progressed up through the xylem vessels but differences in the number of vessels colonized and of hyphae inside them were found. Moreover, as colonization progressed, V− and V+ hyphae propagated horizontally reaching the central medulla but, while the virus-free strain V− densely colonized the interior of the medulla cells, the virus-infected strain V+ appeared mainly in the intercellular spaces and with a lower density of colonization. Finally, the incidence of FodV1-viral infections in a collection of 221 isolates sampled between 2008 and 2012 in the geographic area where the originally infected isolate was obtained has been also analyzed. The very low (<2%) incidence of viral infections is discussed here. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first microscopic evidence about the effect of a hypovirulence-inducing mycovirus on the pattern of plant colonization by its fungal host. This research was supported by Grants AGL 2013-48980-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and AGL 2016-80048-R from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, co-funded by the European Union (FEDER funds). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). Peer reviewed 2020-04-09T09:10:49Z 2020-04-09T09:10:49Z 2019-03-12 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 9: 51 (2019) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/207104 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00051 2235-2988 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 30915279 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2013-48980-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2016-80048-R Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00051 Sí open Frontiers Media |
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Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination |
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Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination Torres-Trenas, Almudena Prieto, Pilar Cañizares, M. Carmen García-Pedrajas, María D. Pérez-Artés, Encarnación Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
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Mycoviruses that induce hypovirulence in phytopathogenic fungi are interesting because their potential use as biological control agents of the plant diseases caused by their fungal hosts. The recently identified chrysovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 (FodV1) has been associated to the induction of hypovirulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, the forma specialis of F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). In this work, we have used confocal laser scanner microscopy and two isogenic GFP-labeled strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi infected (V+) and not infected (V−) with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1, respectively, to analyze the effect of mycovirus FodV1 on the plant colonization pattern of its fungal host. Results demonstrate that FodV1-viral infection affects the speed and spatial distribution of fungal colonization into the plant. Initial stages of external root colonization were similar for both strains, but the virus-free strain colonized the internal plant tissues faster than the virus-infected strain. In addition, other differences related to the specific zone colonized and the density of colonization were observed between both F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi strains. The hyphae of both V− and V+ strains progressed up through the xylem vessels but differences in the number of vessels colonized and of hyphae inside them were found. Moreover, as colonization progressed, V− and V+ hyphae propagated horizontally reaching the central medulla but, while the virus-free strain V− densely colonized the interior of the medulla cells, the virus-infected strain V+ appeared mainly in the intercellular spaces and with a lower density of colonization. Finally, the incidence of FodV1-viral infections in a collection of 221 isolates sampled between 2008 and 2012 in the geographic area where the originally infected isolate was obtained has been also analyzed. The very low (<2%) incidence of viral infections is discussed here. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first microscopic evidence about the effect of a hypovirulence-inducing mycovirus on the pattern of plant colonization by its fungal host. |
author2 |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) |
author_facet |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Torres-Trenas, Almudena Prieto, Pilar Cañizares, M. Carmen García-Pedrajas, María D. Pérez-Artés, Encarnación |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Fusarium oxysporum Carnation Chrysovirus FodV1 Hypovirulence CLSM microscopy Mycovirus-dissemination |
author |
Torres-Trenas, Almudena Prieto, Pilar Cañizares, M. Carmen García-Pedrajas, María D. Pérez-Artés, Encarnación |
author_sort |
Torres-Trenas, Almudena |
title |
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
title_short |
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
title_full |
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
title_fullStr |
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mycovirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Virus 1 Decreases the Colonizing Efficiency of Its Fungal Host |
title_sort |
mycovirus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi virus 1 decreases the colonizing efficiency of its fungal host |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2019-03-12 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/207104 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
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