Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal
Cereal-legume intercropping has been traditionally practiced across West Africa by farmers and provides resilience of agriculture to climate variability. Intensification of these extensive intercropping systems in order to meet future food demand is critical. This study aims at evaluating the agronomic performance of the intensification of millet-cowpea intercropping with low cowpea density, and its variation with climate variability, using an on-station experiment in Bambey, Senegal. Two trials (irrigated vs rainfed) were set up to compare millet sole- and inter-cropping with a grain and a fodder variety of cowpea, in 2018 and 2019. Two levels of fertilization were tested: 0 kg(N) ha−1 and 69 kg(N) ha−1. The two cropping years were contrasting and water stress around flowering and/or during grain filling (indicated by the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water) was higher in 2019 than in 2018 in the rainfed experiment. In both experiment and for all treatments, land equivalent ratio (LER) in the intercropping was 1.6 and 1.4 for grain and biomass respectively. Millet aboveground biomass was significantly higher in intercropping than in sole cropping in the irrigated experiment but not in the rainfed experiment. In the rainfed experiment, the interaction between cropping system and year was significant, so that millet aboveground biomass was greater in intercropping than in sole cropping in 2018 (year of lower water stress) but not in 2019 (year of higher water stress). The effect of fertilization on millet aboveground biomass did not significantly interact with cropping system (sole vs intercrop). For grain yield, fertilization interacted significantly with the cropping system in the irrigated trial: the benefits of intercropping on millet grain yield were greater with 69 kg(N) ha−1 than with 0 kg(N) ha−1. This significant interaction could not be observed in the rainfed trial, potentially due to water stress. These results show that the level of water stress (related here to the year and to the rainfed or irrigated experiment) and that of fertilization modulate the performance of millet-cowpea intercropping in the semi-arid context of Senegal. Overall, fertilization had a stronger effect on millet grain yield than intercropping. The two strategies (intercropping and mineral fertilization) can be complementary to achieve sustainable intensification of cropping system in semi-arid areas of West Africa.
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 |
spellingShingle |
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 Senghor, Yolande Balde, Alpha Bocar Manga, Anicet G.B. Affholder, François Letourmy, Philippe Bassene, César Kanfany, Ghislain Ndiaye, Malick Couedel, Antoine Leroux, Louise Falconnier, Gatien Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
description |
Cereal-legume intercropping has been traditionally practiced across West Africa by farmers and provides resilience of agriculture to climate variability. Intensification of these extensive intercropping systems in order to meet future food demand is critical. This study aims at evaluating the agronomic performance of the intensification of millet-cowpea intercropping with low cowpea density, and its variation with climate variability, using an on-station experiment in Bambey, Senegal. Two trials (irrigated vs rainfed) were set up to compare millet sole- and inter-cropping with a grain and a fodder variety of cowpea, in 2018 and 2019. Two levels of fertilization were tested: 0 kg(N) ha−1 and 69 kg(N) ha−1. The two cropping years were contrasting and water stress around flowering and/or during grain filling (indicated by the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water) was higher in 2019 than in 2018 in the rainfed experiment. In both experiment and for all treatments, land equivalent ratio (LER) in the intercropping was 1.6 and 1.4 for grain and biomass respectively. Millet aboveground biomass was significantly higher in intercropping than in sole cropping in the irrigated experiment but not in the rainfed experiment. In the rainfed experiment, the interaction between cropping system and year was significant, so that millet aboveground biomass was greater in intercropping than in sole cropping in 2018 (year of lower water stress) but not in 2019 (year of higher water stress). The effect of fertilization on millet aboveground biomass did not significantly interact with cropping system (sole vs intercrop). For grain yield, fertilization interacted significantly with the cropping system in the irrigated trial: the benefits of intercropping on millet grain yield were greater with 69 kg(N) ha−1 than with 0 kg(N) ha−1. This significant interaction could not be observed in the rainfed trial, potentially due to water stress. These results show that the level of water stress (related here to the year and to the rainfed or irrigated experiment) and that of fertilization modulate the performance of millet-cowpea intercropping in the semi-arid context of Senegal. Overall, fertilization had a stronger effect on millet grain yield than intercropping. The two strategies (intercropping and mineral fertilization) can be complementary to achieve sustainable intensification of cropping system in semi-arid areas of West Africa. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 |
author |
Senghor, Yolande Balde, Alpha Bocar Manga, Anicet G.B. Affholder, François Letourmy, Philippe Bassene, César Kanfany, Ghislain Ndiaye, Malick Couedel, Antoine Leroux, Louise Falconnier, Gatien |
author_facet |
Senghor, Yolande Balde, Alpha Bocar Manga, Anicet G.B. Affholder, François Letourmy, Philippe Bassene, César Kanfany, Ghislain Ndiaye, Malick Couedel, Antoine Leroux, Louise Falconnier, Gatien |
author_sort |
Senghor, Yolande |
title |
Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
title_short |
Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
title_full |
Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
title_fullStr |
Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal |
title_sort |
intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium n input in semi-arid central senegal |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/605650/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/605650/1/Senghoretal_HELIYON_2023.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-6056502024-08-20T13:55:25Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/605650/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/605650/ Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal. Senghor Yolande, Balde Alpha Bocar, Manga Anicet G.B., Affholder François, Letourmy Philippe, Bassene César, Kanfany Ghislain, Ndiaye Malick, Couedel Antoine, Leroux Louise, Falconnier Gatien. 2023. Heliyon, 9 (7):e17680, 13 p.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680> Intercropping millet with low-density cowpea improves millet productivity for low and medium N input in semi-arid central Senegal Senghor, Yolande Balde, Alpha Bocar Manga, Anicet G.B. Affholder, François Letourmy, Philippe Bassene, César Kanfany, Ghislain Ndiaye, Malick Couedel, Antoine Leroux, Louise Falconnier, Gatien eng 2023 Heliyon F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture F01 - Culture des plantes rendement des cultures culture intercalaire changement climatique stress dû à la sécheresse système de culture niébé millet essai de variété intensification irrigation séquestration du carbone Cenchrus americanus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1938 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4838 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26833 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199 Sénégal Afrique occidentale Afrique centrale http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 Cereal-legume intercropping has been traditionally practiced across West Africa by farmers and provides resilience of agriculture to climate variability. Intensification of these extensive intercropping systems in order to meet future food demand is critical. This study aims at evaluating the agronomic performance of the intensification of millet-cowpea intercropping with low cowpea density, and its variation with climate variability, using an on-station experiment in Bambey, Senegal. Two trials (irrigated vs rainfed) were set up to compare millet sole- and inter-cropping with a grain and a fodder variety of cowpea, in 2018 and 2019. Two levels of fertilization were tested: 0 kg(N) ha−1 and 69 kg(N) ha−1. The two cropping years were contrasting and water stress around flowering and/or during grain filling (indicated by the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water) was higher in 2019 than in 2018 in the rainfed experiment. In both experiment and for all treatments, land equivalent ratio (LER) in the intercropping was 1.6 and 1.4 for grain and biomass respectively. Millet aboveground biomass was significantly higher in intercropping than in sole cropping in the irrigated experiment but not in the rainfed experiment. In the rainfed experiment, the interaction between cropping system and year was significant, so that millet aboveground biomass was greater in intercropping than in sole cropping in 2018 (year of lower water stress) but not in 2019 (year of higher water stress). The effect of fertilization on millet aboveground biomass did not significantly interact with cropping system (sole vs intercrop). For grain yield, fertilization interacted significantly with the cropping system in the irrigated trial: the benefits of intercropping on millet grain yield were greater with 69 kg(N) ha−1 than with 0 kg(N) ha−1. This significant interaction could not be observed in the rainfed trial, potentially due to water stress. These results show that the level of water stress (related here to the year and to the rainfed or irrigated experiment) and that of fertilization modulate the performance of millet-cowpea intercropping in the semi-arid context of Senegal. Overall, fertilization had a stronger effect on millet grain yield than intercropping. The two strategies (intercropping and mineral fertilization) can be complementary to achieve sustainable intensification of cropping system in semi-arid areas of West Africa. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/605650/1/Senghoretal_HELIYON_2023.pdf text cc_by_nc_nd info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17680 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020///(FRA) Ecological Intensification and Inequality/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/201403286–10//(USA) Sustainable Intensification of Millet based agrosystems using Cowpea in the Groundnut Basin (Senegal)/SIMCo info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/727715//(EU) A long term EU-Africa research and innovation partnership on food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture/LEAP-AGRI info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/861974//(EU) Synergistic use and protection of natural resources for rural livelihoods through systematic integration of crops, shrubs and livestock in the Sahel/SustainSAHEL info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020///(FRA) Roles of Agroforestry in sustainable intensification of small farMs and food Security for Societies in West Africa/RAMSES II |