The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential
The increasing severity of Striga gesnerioides attacks on cowpea across West Africa has been related to its prolificity, seed mobility and longevity, and adaptation to aridity, in a context of agricultural intensification. To understand this fast extension, we analyzed (1) the distributions of the crop and the witchweed with ecological niche modeling and multivariate climate analysis, and (2) the chronological information available from collections and the literature. The ecoclimatic envelope of S. gesnerioides attacks on cowpea is the same as on wild hosts. Consistently, the modeled distribution of cowpea infestations is closely similar to the simple superposition of the parasite model (involving all hosts) and the crop model. Striga gesnerioides infestations are restricted to the driest component of the cultivated cowpea ecoclimatic niche, corresponding to the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian belts and the Dahomey gap. Thus, the parasite distribution, determined by its own requirements, does not constrain cowpea cultivation under Guinean climates. The spatial and temporal distributions of S. gesnerioides field infestations are consistent with an earlier impact on cowpea production in eastern West Africa, related itself to a similar trend in cowpea cultivation intensification from Niger, Nigeria and Benin to Burkina Faso and Ghana. Mali and Senegal were affected later, and literature reports of Senegalese strains of S. gesnerioides from the wild developing virulence on cowpea offer a model for the diffusion of witchweed parasitism by multilocal evolution, through host-driven selection, instead of epidemic diffusion. A contrario, in Côte d'Ivoire, cowpea is much less widespread, so the parasite has remained confined to the wild compartment. Thus, both historical and ecogeographic analyses refute the vision of S. gesnerioides as an invader. Instead, they point to the increasing importance and intensification of the crop, and the consequent loss of biodiversity, as the main drivers of the extension and diversification of its crop-specific strains.
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Biblioteca del CIRAD Francia |
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H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 |
spellingShingle |
H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 Sadda, Abou-Soufianou Coppens D'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Saidou, Abdoul-Aziz Diouf, Abdoulaye Salifou Jangorzo, Nouhou Issoufou Hassane, Bil-Assanou Malam-Issa, Oumarou The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
description |
The increasing severity of Striga gesnerioides attacks on cowpea across West Africa has been related to its prolificity, seed mobility and longevity, and adaptation to aridity, in a context of agricultural intensification. To understand this fast extension, we analyzed (1) the distributions of the crop and the witchweed with ecological niche modeling and multivariate climate analysis, and (2) the chronological information available from collections and the literature. The ecoclimatic envelope of S. gesnerioides attacks on cowpea is the same as on wild hosts. Consistently, the modeled distribution of cowpea infestations is closely similar to the simple superposition of the parasite model (involving all hosts) and the crop model. Striga gesnerioides infestations are restricted to the driest component of the cultivated cowpea ecoclimatic niche, corresponding to the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian belts and the Dahomey gap. Thus, the parasite distribution, determined by its own requirements, does not constrain cowpea cultivation under Guinean climates. The spatial and temporal distributions of S. gesnerioides field infestations are consistent with an earlier impact on cowpea production in eastern West Africa, related itself to a similar trend in cowpea cultivation intensification from Niger, Nigeria and Benin to Burkina Faso and Ghana. Mali and Senegal were affected later, and literature reports of Senegalese strains of S. gesnerioides from the wild developing virulence on cowpea offer a model for the diffusion of witchweed parasitism by multilocal evolution, through host-driven selection, instead of epidemic diffusion. A contrario, in Côte d'Ivoire, cowpea is much less widespread, so the parasite has remained confined to the wild compartment. Thus, both historical and ecogeographic analyses refute the vision of S. gesnerioides as an invader. Instead, they point to the increasing importance and intensification of the crop, and the consequent loss of biodiversity, as the main drivers of the extension and diversification of its crop-specific strains. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 |
author |
Sadda, Abou-Soufianou Coppens D'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Saidou, Abdoul-Aziz Diouf, Abdoulaye Salifou Jangorzo, Nouhou Issoufou Hassane, Bil-Assanou Malam-Issa, Oumarou |
author_facet |
Sadda, Abou-Soufianou Coppens D'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Saidou, Abdoul-Aziz Diouf, Abdoulaye Salifou Jangorzo, Nouhou Issoufou Hassane, Bil-Assanou Malam-Issa, Oumarou |
author_sort |
Sadda, Abou-Soufianou |
title |
The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
title_short |
The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
title_full |
The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
title_fullStr |
The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
title_full_unstemmed |
The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
title_sort |
witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: a geographical and historical analysis of their west african distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/599027/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/599027/1/Sadda%202021%20Striga%20gesnerioides%20and%20the%20cultivated%20cowpea.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-5990272024-01-29T03:43:24Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/599027/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/599027/ The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential. Sadda Abou-Soufianou, Coppens D'Eeckenbrugge Geo, Saidou Abdoul-Aziz, Diouf Abdoulaye, Salifou Jangorzo Nouhou, Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou, Malam-Issa Oumarou. 2021. PloS One, 16 (8):e0254803, 22 p.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254803 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254803> The witchweed striga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea: A geographical and historical analysis of their West African distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential Sadda, Abou-Soufianou Coppens D'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Saidou, Abdoul-Aziz Diouf, Abdoulaye Salifou Jangorzo, Nouhou Issoufou Hassane, Bil-Assanou Malam-Issa, Oumarou eng 2021 PloS One H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage H50 - Troubles divers des plantes plante parasite parasitisme distribution géographique Striga gesnerioides Vigna unguiculata modélisation http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5575 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32338 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c Afrique occidentale Cameroun Niger Nigéria Bénin Togo Burkina Faso Mali Ghana Côte d'Ivoire Libéria Sierra Leone Guinée Guinée-Bissau Gambie Sénégal http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1229 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5181 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5182 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7801 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8081 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3253 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4027 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4307 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7057 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3423 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3427 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 The increasing severity of Striga gesnerioides attacks on cowpea across West Africa has been related to its prolificity, seed mobility and longevity, and adaptation to aridity, in a context of agricultural intensification. To understand this fast extension, we analyzed (1) the distributions of the crop and the witchweed with ecological niche modeling and multivariate climate analysis, and (2) the chronological information available from collections and the literature. The ecoclimatic envelope of S. gesnerioides attacks on cowpea is the same as on wild hosts. Consistently, the modeled distribution of cowpea infestations is closely similar to the simple superposition of the parasite model (involving all hosts) and the crop model. Striga gesnerioides infestations are restricted to the driest component of the cultivated cowpea ecoclimatic niche, corresponding to the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian belts and the Dahomey gap. Thus, the parasite distribution, determined by its own requirements, does not constrain cowpea cultivation under Guinean climates. The spatial and temporal distributions of S. gesnerioides field infestations are consistent with an earlier impact on cowpea production in eastern West Africa, related itself to a similar trend in cowpea cultivation intensification from Niger, Nigeria and Benin to Burkina Faso and Ghana. Mali and Senegal were affected later, and literature reports of Senegalese strains of S. gesnerioides from the wild developing virulence on cowpea offer a model for the diffusion of witchweed parasitism by multilocal evolution, through host-driven selection, instead of epidemic diffusion. A contrario, in Côte d'Ivoire, cowpea is much less widespread, so the parasite has remained confined to the wild compartment. Thus, both historical and ecogeographic analyses refute the vision of S. gesnerioides as an invader. Instead, they point to the increasing importance and intensification of the crop, and the consequent loss of biodiversity, as the main drivers of the extension and diversification of its crop-specific strains. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/599027/1/Sadda%202021%20Striga%20gesnerioides%20and%20the%20cultivated%20cowpea.pdf text cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254803 10.1371/journal.pone.0254803 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0254803 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254803 info:eu-repo/semantics/dataset/purl/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Statistics_on_data_collation_S1A_GBIF_data_cleaning_S1B_and_final_data_selection_S1C_/15107239 |