Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination
Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced primarily by the fungus Penicillium expansum, responsible for the blue mold disease on apples. It is found in apple products including apple cider when apple juice is added after fermentation. In the present study, two hundred and twenty-five cider-apples of the variety “Bedan”, cultivated in Brittany in France, were sampled from the orchard during harvesting until the storage step, right before processing. The patulin analysis on these samples reported a low contamination at the orchard and a significantly higher-level of contamination in the cider-apples starting from the transporting bin. The percentage of positive samples increased from 6% to 47% after 12 h in the harvesting bin before transporting and reached 95% after 24 h of transporting, decreasing then to 69% at the end of the storage. Penicillium expansum was quantified on the surface of apples using real-time PCR and was observed to be mostly consistent between the harvest and post-harvest steps. It was detected on average, on the surface of 85% of all sampled apples with a mean value around 2.35 × 106 Penicillium expansum DNA/g of apple. Moreover, the changes in the fungal and bacterial epiphytic microbiota in the different steps were studied using a metabarcoding approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed the presence of unique and more diverse bacterial and fungal communities on the surface of apples picked from the orchard compared to the rest of the sampling steps. Potential indigenous biological control agents were identified on the surface of sampled apples. Future perspective includes developing actions of prevention and control of the contamination by Penicillium expansum during the harvest and along the various critical post-harvest stages before transformation in a sustainable development concern.
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Subjects: | Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires, flore microbienne, Penicillium expansum, patuline, métabolite secondaire, cidre, Moisissure, contamination, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081, |
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dig-cirad-fr-5988782024-01-29T03:40:18Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/598878/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/598878/ Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination. Al Riachy Reem, Strub Caroline, Durand Noël, Guibert Benjamin, Guichard Hugues, Constancias Florentin, Chochois Vincent, Lopez-Lauri Félicie, Fontana Angélique, Schorr-Galindo Sabine. 2021. Journal of Fungi, 7 (4), n.spéc. Fungal Biodiversity and Ecology:244, 21 p.https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040244 <https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040244> Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination Al Riachy, Reem Strub, Caroline Durand, Noël Guibert, Benjamin Guichard, Hugues Constancias, Florentin Chochois, Vincent Lopez-Lauri, Félicie Fontana, Angélique Schorr-Galindo, Sabine eng 2021 Journal of Fungi Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 France http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced primarily by the fungus Penicillium expansum, responsible for the blue mold disease on apples. It is found in apple products including apple cider when apple juice is added after fermentation. In the present study, two hundred and twenty-five cider-apples of the variety “Bedan”, cultivated in Brittany in France, were sampled from the orchard during harvesting until the storage step, right before processing. The patulin analysis on these samples reported a low contamination at the orchard and a significantly higher-level of contamination in the cider-apples starting from the transporting bin. The percentage of positive samples increased from 6% to 47% after 12 h in the harvesting bin before transporting and reached 95% after 24 h of transporting, decreasing then to 69% at the end of the storage. Penicillium expansum was quantified on the surface of apples using real-time PCR and was observed to be mostly consistent between the harvest and post-harvest steps. It was detected on average, on the surface of 85% of all sampled apples with a mean value around 2.35 × 106 Penicillium expansum DNA/g of apple. Moreover, the changes in the fungal and bacterial epiphytic microbiota in the different steps were studied using a metabarcoding approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed the presence of unique and more diverse bacterial and fungal communities on the surface of apples picked from the orchard compared to the rest of the sampling steps. Potential indigenous biological control agents were identified on the surface of sampled apples. Future perspective includes developing actions of prevention and control of the contamination by Penicillium expansum during the harvest and along the various critical post-harvest stages before transformation in a sustainable development concern. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/598878/1/patrisk.pdf text cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040244 10.3390/jof7040244 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/jof7040244 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040244 |
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Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 |
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Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 Al Riachy, Reem Strub, Caroline Durand, Noël Guibert, Benjamin Guichard, Hugues Constancias, Florentin Chochois, Vincent Lopez-Lauri, Félicie Fontana, Angélique Schorr-Galindo, Sabine Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
description |
Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced primarily by the fungus Penicillium expansum, responsible for the blue mold disease on apples. It is found in apple products including apple cider when apple juice is added after fermentation. In the present study, two hundred and twenty-five cider-apples of the variety “Bedan”, cultivated in Brittany in France, were sampled from the orchard during harvesting until the storage step, right before processing. The patulin analysis on these samples reported a low contamination at the orchard and a significantly higher-level of contamination in the cider-apples starting from the transporting bin. The percentage of positive samples increased from 6% to 47% after 12 h in the harvesting bin before transporting and reached 95% after 24 h of transporting, decreasing then to 69% at the end of the storage. Penicillium expansum was quantified on the surface of apples using real-time PCR and was observed to be mostly consistent between the harvest and post-harvest steps. It was detected on average, on the surface of 85% of all sampled apples with a mean value around 2.35 × 106 Penicillium expansum DNA/g of apple. Moreover, the changes in the fungal and bacterial epiphytic microbiota in the different steps were studied using a metabarcoding approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed the presence of unique and more diverse bacterial and fungal communities on the surface of apples picked from the orchard compared to the rest of the sampling steps. Potential indigenous biological control agents were identified on the surface of sampled apples. Future perspective includes developing actions of prevention and control of the contamination by Penicillium expansum during the harvest and along the various critical post-harvest stages before transformation in a sustainable development concern. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
Q03 - Contamination et toxicologie alimentaires H20 - Maladies des plantes Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires flore microbienne Penicillium expansum patuline métabolite secondaire cidre Moisissure contamination http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33791 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24882 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34335 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1617 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28317 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 |
author |
Al Riachy, Reem Strub, Caroline Durand, Noël Guibert, Benjamin Guichard, Hugues Constancias, Florentin Chochois, Vincent Lopez-Lauri, Félicie Fontana, Angélique Schorr-Galindo, Sabine |
author_facet |
Al Riachy, Reem Strub, Caroline Durand, Noël Guibert, Benjamin Guichard, Hugues Constancias, Florentin Chochois, Vincent Lopez-Lauri, Félicie Fontana, Angélique Schorr-Galindo, Sabine |
author_sort |
Al Riachy, Reem |
title |
Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
title_short |
Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
title_full |
Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
title_fullStr |
Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on Penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
title_sort |
microbiome status of cider-apples, from orchard to processing, with a special focus on penicillium expansum occurrence and patulin contamination |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/598878/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/598878/1/patrisk.pdf |
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