Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields
Monocultural rubber plantations have replaced tropical forest, causing biodiversity loss. While protecting intact or semi‐intact biodiverse forest is paramount, improving biodiversity value within the 11.4 million hectares of existing rubber plantations could offer important conservation benefits, if yields are also maintained. Some farmers practice agroforestry with high‐yielding clonal rubber varieties to increase and diversify incomes. Here, we ask whether such rubber agroforestry improves biodiversity value or affects rubber yields relative to monoculture. We surveyed birds, fruit‐feeding butterflies and reptiles in 25 monocultural and 39 agroforest smallholder rubber plots in Thailand, the world's biggest rubber producer. Management and vegetation structure data were collected from each plot, and landscape composition around plots was quantified. Rubber yield data were collected for a separate set of 34 monocultural and 47 agroforest rubber plots in the same region. Reported rubber yields did not differ between agroforests and monocultures, meaning adoption of agroforestry in this context should not increase land demand for natural rubber. Butterfly richness was greater in agroforests, where richness increased with greater natural forest extent in the landscape. Bird and reptile richness were similar between agroforests and monocultures, but bird richness increased with the height of herbaceous vegetation inside rubber plots. Species composition of butterflies differed between agroforests and monocultures, and in response to natural forest extent, while bird composition was influenced by herbaceous vegetation height within plots, the density of non‐rubber trees within plots (representing agroforestry complexity) and natural forest extent in the landscape. Reptile composition was influenced by canopy cover and open habitat extent in the landscape. Conservation priority and forest‐dependent birds were not supported within rubber. Synthesis and applications. Rubber agroforestry using clonal varieties provides modest biodiversity benefits relative to monocultures, without compromising yields. Agroforests may also generate ecosystem service and livelihood benefits. Management of monocultural rubber production to increase inter‐row vegetation height and complexity may further benefit biodiversity. However, biodiversity losses from encroachment of rubber onto forests will not be offset by rubber agroforestry or rubber plot management. This evidence is important for developing guidelines around biodiversity‐friendly rubber and sustainable supply chains, and for farmers interested in diversifying rubber production.
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Subjects: | K10 - Production forestière, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Hevea brasiliensis, plantation forestière, agroforesterie, biodiversité, oiseau, reptile, Lepidoptera, écosystème forestier, agriculture durable, diversification, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701, |
Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/13/594517.pdf |
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K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 |
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K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 Warren-Thomas, Eleanor Nelson, Luke Juthong, Watinee Bumrungsri, Sara Brattström, Oskar Stroesser, Laetitia Chambon, Bénédicte Penot, Eric Tongkaemkaew, Uraiwan Edwards, David P. Dolman, Paul M. Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
description |
Monocultural rubber plantations have replaced tropical forest, causing biodiversity loss. While protecting intact or semi‐intact biodiverse forest is paramount, improving biodiversity value within the 11.4 million hectares of existing rubber plantations could offer important conservation benefits, if yields are also maintained. Some farmers practice agroforestry with high‐yielding clonal rubber varieties to increase and diversify incomes. Here, we ask whether such rubber agroforestry improves biodiversity value or affects rubber yields relative to monoculture. We surveyed birds, fruit‐feeding butterflies and reptiles in 25 monocultural and 39 agroforest smallholder rubber plots in Thailand, the world's biggest rubber producer. Management and vegetation structure data were collected from each plot, and landscape composition around plots was quantified. Rubber yield data were collected for a separate set of 34 monocultural and 47 agroforest rubber plots in the same region. Reported rubber yields did not differ between agroforests and monocultures, meaning adoption of agroforestry in this context should not increase land demand for natural rubber. Butterfly richness was greater in agroforests, where richness increased with greater natural forest extent in the landscape. Bird and reptile richness were similar between agroforests and monocultures, but bird richness increased with the height of herbaceous vegetation inside rubber plots. Species composition of butterflies differed between agroforests and monocultures, and in response to natural forest extent, while bird composition was influenced by herbaceous vegetation height within plots, the density of non‐rubber trees within plots (representing agroforestry complexity) and natural forest extent in the landscape. Reptile composition was influenced by canopy cover and open habitat extent in the landscape. Conservation priority and forest‐dependent birds were not supported within rubber. Synthesis and applications. Rubber agroforestry using clonal varieties provides modest biodiversity benefits relative to monocultures, without compromising yields. Agroforests may also generate ecosystem service and livelihood benefits. Management of monocultural rubber production to increase inter‐row vegetation height and complexity may further benefit biodiversity. However, biodiversity losses from encroachment of rubber onto forests will not be offset by rubber agroforestry or rubber plot management. This evidence is important for developing guidelines around biodiversity‐friendly rubber and sustainable supply chains, and for farmers interested in diversifying rubber production. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 |
author |
Warren-Thomas, Eleanor Nelson, Luke Juthong, Watinee Bumrungsri, Sara Brattström, Oskar Stroesser, Laetitia Chambon, Bénédicte Penot, Eric Tongkaemkaew, Uraiwan Edwards, David P. Dolman, Paul M. |
author_facet |
Warren-Thomas, Eleanor Nelson, Luke Juthong, Watinee Bumrungsri, Sara Brattström, Oskar Stroesser, Laetitia Chambon, Bénédicte Penot, Eric Tongkaemkaew, Uraiwan Edwards, David P. Dolman, Paul M. |
author_sort |
Warren-Thomas, Eleanor |
title |
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
title_short |
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
title_full |
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
title_fullStr |
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
title_sort |
rubber agroforestry in thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/13/594517.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT warrenthomaseleanor rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT nelsonluke rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT juthongwatinee rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT bumrungsrisara rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT brattstromoskar rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT stroesserlaetitia rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT chambonbenedicte rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT penoteric rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT tongkaemkaewuraiwan rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT edwardsdavidp rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields AT dolmanpaulm rubberagroforestryinthailandprovidessomebiodiversitybenefitswithoutreducingyields |
_version_ |
1792499873347534848 |
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dig-cirad-fr-5945172024-01-29T02:29:32Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/ Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields. Warren-Thomas Eleanor, Nelson Luke, Juthong Watinee, Bumrungsri Sara, Brattström Oskar, Stroesser Laetitia, Chambon Bénédicte, Penot Eric, Tongkaemkaew Uraiwan, Edwards David P., Dolman Paul M.. 2020. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57 (1) : 17-30.https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13530 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13530> Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields Warren-Thomas, Eleanor Nelson, Luke Juthong, Watinee Bumrungsri, Sara Brattström, Oskar Stroesser, Laetitia Chambon, Bénédicte Penot, Eric Tongkaemkaew, Uraiwan Edwards, David P. Dolman, Paul M. eng 2020 Journal of Applied Ecology K10 - Production forestière F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières Hevea brasiliensis plantation forestière agroforesterie biodiversité oiseau reptile Lepidoptera écosystème forestier agriculture durable diversification http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3589 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_935 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4268 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374842133961 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33561 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344 Thaïlande http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701 Monocultural rubber plantations have replaced tropical forest, causing biodiversity loss. While protecting intact or semi‐intact biodiverse forest is paramount, improving biodiversity value within the 11.4 million hectares of existing rubber plantations could offer important conservation benefits, if yields are also maintained. Some farmers practice agroforestry with high‐yielding clonal rubber varieties to increase and diversify incomes. Here, we ask whether such rubber agroforestry improves biodiversity value or affects rubber yields relative to monoculture. We surveyed birds, fruit‐feeding butterflies and reptiles in 25 monocultural and 39 agroforest smallholder rubber plots in Thailand, the world's biggest rubber producer. Management and vegetation structure data were collected from each plot, and landscape composition around plots was quantified. Rubber yield data were collected for a separate set of 34 monocultural and 47 agroforest rubber plots in the same region. Reported rubber yields did not differ between agroforests and monocultures, meaning adoption of agroforestry in this context should not increase land demand for natural rubber. Butterfly richness was greater in agroforests, where richness increased with greater natural forest extent in the landscape. Bird and reptile richness were similar between agroforests and monocultures, but bird richness increased with the height of herbaceous vegetation inside rubber plots. Species composition of butterflies differed between agroforests and monocultures, and in response to natural forest extent, while bird composition was influenced by herbaceous vegetation height within plots, the density of non‐rubber trees within plots (representing agroforestry complexity) and natural forest extent in the landscape. Reptile composition was influenced by canopy cover and open habitat extent in the landscape. Conservation priority and forest‐dependent birds were not supported within rubber. Synthesis and applications. Rubber agroforestry using clonal varieties provides modest biodiversity benefits relative to monocultures, without compromising yields. Agroforests may also generate ecosystem service and livelihood benefits. Management of monocultural rubber production to increase inter‐row vegetation height and complexity may further benefit biodiversity. However, biodiversity losses from encroachment of rubber onto forests will not be offset by rubber agroforestry or rubber plot management. This evidence is important for developing guidelines around biodiversity‐friendly rubber and sustainable supply chains, and for farmers interested in diversifying rubber production. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/594517/13/594517.pdf text cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13530 10.1111/1365-2664.13530 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13530 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13530 info:eu-repo/semantics/dataset/purl/https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h464 |