Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else?
The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a maintenance community including, or not, several bat and other species, deserves more investigation. However, African forest ecosystems host a large biodiversity and abound in potential maintenance hosts. How does one puzzle out? Since recent studies have revealed that several bat species have been exposed to ebolaviruses, the common denominator to these hypotheses is that within the epidemiological cycle, some bats species must be exposed to the viruses and infected by these potential alternative hosts. Under this constraint, and given the peculiar ecology of bats (roosting behaviour, habitat utilisation, and flight mode), we review the hosts and transmission pathways that can lead to bat exposure and infection to ebolaviruses. In contrast to the capacity of bats to transmit ebolaviruses and other pathogens to many hosts, our results indicate that only a limited number of hosts and pathways can lead to the transmission of ebolaviruses to bats, and that the alternative maintenance host, if it exists, must be amongst them. A list of these pathways is provided, along with protocols to prioritise and investigate these alternative hypotheses. In conclusion, taking into account the ecology of bats and their known involvement in ebolaviruses ecology drastically reduces the list of potential alternative maintenance hosts for ebolaviruses. Understanding the natural history of ebolaviruses is a health priority, and investigating these alternative hypotheses could complete the current effort focused on the role of bats.
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Language: | eng |
Subjects: | 000 - Autres thèmes, santé, santé publique, épidémiologie, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615, |
Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/1/2018%20-%20Caron%20-%20Viruses.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-5891112024-01-29T01:15:42Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/ Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? Caron Alexandre, Bourgarel Mathieu, Cappelle Julien, Liégeois Florian, De Nys Hélène, Roger François. 2018. Viruses, 10 (10):549, 13 p.https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100549 <https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100549> Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? Caron, Alexandre Bourgarel, Mathieu Cappelle, Julien Liégeois, Florian De Nys, Hélène Roger, François eng 2018 Viruses 000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a maintenance community including, or not, several bat and other species, deserves more investigation. However, African forest ecosystems host a large biodiversity and abound in potential maintenance hosts. How does one puzzle out? Since recent studies have revealed that several bat species have been exposed to ebolaviruses, the common denominator to these hypotheses is that within the epidemiological cycle, some bats species must be exposed to the viruses and infected by these potential alternative hosts. Under this constraint, and given the peculiar ecology of bats (roosting behaviour, habitat utilisation, and flight mode), we review the hosts and transmission pathways that can lead to bat exposure and infection to ebolaviruses. In contrast to the capacity of bats to transmit ebolaviruses and other pathogens to many hosts, our results indicate that only a limited number of hosts and pathways can lead to the transmission of ebolaviruses to bats, and that the alternative maintenance host, if it exists, must be amongst them. A list of these pathways is provided, along with protocols to prioritise and investigate these alternative hypotheses. In conclusion, taking into account the ecology of bats and their known involvement in ebolaviruses ecology drastically reduces the list of potential alternative maintenance hosts for ebolaviruses. Understanding the natural history of ebolaviruses is a health priority, and investigating these alternative hypotheses could complete the current effort focused on the role of bats. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/1/2018%20-%20Caron%20-%20Viruses.pdf text Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100549 10.3390/v10100549 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/v10100549 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100549 |
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000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 |
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000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 Caron, Alexandre Bourgarel, Mathieu Cappelle, Julien Liégeois, Florian De Nys, Hélène Roger, François Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
description |
The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a maintenance community including, or not, several bat and other species, deserves more investigation. However, African forest ecosystems host a large biodiversity and abound in potential maintenance hosts. How does one puzzle out? Since recent studies have revealed that several bat species have been exposed to ebolaviruses, the common denominator to these hypotheses is that within the epidemiological cycle, some bats species must be exposed to the viruses and infected by these potential alternative hosts. Under this constraint, and given the peculiar ecology of bats (roosting behaviour, habitat utilisation, and flight mode), we review the hosts and transmission pathways that can lead to bat exposure and infection to ebolaviruses. In contrast to the capacity of bats to transmit ebolaviruses and other pathogens to many hosts, our results indicate that only a limited number of hosts and pathways can lead to the transmission of ebolaviruses to bats, and that the alternative maintenance host, if it exists, must be amongst them. A list of these pathways is provided, along with protocols to prioritise and investigate these alternative hypotheses. In conclusion, taking into account the ecology of bats and their known involvement in ebolaviruses ecology drastically reduces the list of potential alternative maintenance hosts for ebolaviruses. Understanding the natural history of ebolaviruses is a health priority, and investigating these alternative hypotheses could complete the current effort focused on the role of bats. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
000 - Autres thèmes santé santé publique épidémiologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3511 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6349 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 |
author |
Caron, Alexandre Bourgarel, Mathieu Cappelle, Julien Liégeois, Florian De Nys, Hélène Roger, François |
author_facet |
Caron, Alexandre Bourgarel, Mathieu Cappelle, Julien Liégeois, Florian De Nys, Hélène Roger, François |
author_sort |
Caron, Alexandre |
title |
Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
title_short |
Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
title_full |
Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
title_fullStr |
Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ebola virus maintenance: If not (only) bats, what else? |
title_sort |
ebola virus maintenance: if not (only) bats, what else? |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/589111/1/2018%20-%20Caron%20-%20Viruses.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT caronalexandre ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse AT bourgarelmathieu ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse AT cappellejulien ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse AT liegeoisflorian ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse AT denyshelene ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse AT rogerfrancois ebolavirusmaintenanceifnotonlybatswhatelse |
_version_ |
1792499552787365888 |