Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease widespread in Africa. The primary cycle involves mosquitoes and wild and domestic ruminant hosts. Humans are usually contaminated after contact with infected ruminants. As many environmental, agricultural, epidemiological, and anthropogenic factors are implicated in RVF spread, the multidisciplinary One Health approach was needed to identify the drivers of RVF epidemics in Madagascar. We examined the environmental patterns associated with these epidemics, comparing human and ruminant serological data with environmental and cattle-trade data. In contrast to East Africa, environmental drivers did not trigger the epidemics: They only modulated local Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission in ruminants. Instead, RVFV was introduced through ruminant trade and subsequent movement of cattle between trade hubs caused its long-distance spread within the country. Contact with cattle brought in from infected districts was associated with higher infection risk in slaughterhouse workers. The finding that anthropogenic rather than environmental factors are the main drivers of RVF infection in humans can be used to design better prevention and early detection in the case of RVF resurgence in the region.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Lancelot, Renaud, Beral, Marina, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Héraud, Jean Michel, Coste, Caroline, Apolloni, Andrea, Squarzoni, Cécile, De La Rocque, Stéphane, Formenty, Pierre, Bouyer, Jérémy, Wint, Willy, Cardinale, Eric
Format:	article biblioteca
Language:	eng
Subjects:	L73 - Maladies des animaux, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, 000 - Autres thèmes, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, vecteur de maladie, zoonose, transmission des maladies, analyse du risque, épidémiologie, genre humain, bétail, bovin, ruminant, facteur de risque, facteur du milieu, marketing, Enquête pathologique, sérum sanguin, surveillance épidémiologique, contrôle de maladies, fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16463, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8530, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37936, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4586, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4397, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1391, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6695, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32668, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2594, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4620, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28665, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9323, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16411, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_b08d44fd, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510,
Online Access:	http://agritrop.cirad.fr/583139/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/583139/7/PNAS-2017-Lancelot-938-43.pdf
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