Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis
In plants, undifferentiated or totally differentiated cells can be easily in vitro cultured to generate undifferentiated embryogenic cells that can regenerate complete plants. This is the most spectacular expression of totipotency. Embryogenic cells represent a key material in plant biotechnologies as they are used in many processes aiming at asexual reproduction by somatic embryogenesis (SE), genetic transformation, protoplast regeneration and cryopreservation. Nevertheless, tissue culture systems that involve the acquisition of competence for totipotency and extensive cell division remain risky with respect to genome and epigenome instabilities. Particularly, the use of embryogenic cell suspensions has frequently been associated with an increased likelihood of genetic instability and somaclonal variation (SV) in the regenerated plants. SV is a major concern in all in vitro vegetative plant propagation systems because it leads to the loss of genetic fidelity. Since 20 years, embryogenic cell suspension based SE techniques have been applied to coffee for the large-scale dissemination of exceptional Arabica hybrids. Here, we present our production and research experience showing that SE is efficient and reliable for true-to-type propagation. Over 99% of coffee trees regenerated fully conform to the mother plant, both morphologically - they grow, flower and produce normally. Hence strong genetic and epigenetic changes in proliferating embryogenic cells are not a fatality. The results also demonstrated the importance of embryogenic culture age on SV and hence the non-random nature of this phenomenon. The genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during SE. The main change in most of phenotypic variants was aneuploidy showing that mitotic aberrations play a major role in SV in coffee. These results provide a proof of concept for the use of embryogenic cell suspensions with other plant species: a revolution in the world of plant micropropagation on an industrial scale.
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F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 |
spellingShingle |
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 Etienne, Hervé Bertrand, Benoît Dechamp, Eveline Maurel, Patrick Georget, Frederic Guyot, Romain Breitler, Jean-Christophe Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
description |
In plants, undifferentiated or totally differentiated cells can be easily in vitro cultured to generate undifferentiated embryogenic cells that can regenerate complete plants. This is the most spectacular expression of totipotency. Embryogenic cells represent a key material in plant biotechnologies as they are used in many processes aiming at asexual reproduction by somatic embryogenesis (SE), genetic transformation, protoplast regeneration and cryopreservation. Nevertheless, tissue culture systems that involve the acquisition of competence for totipotency and extensive cell division remain risky with respect to genome and epigenome instabilities. Particularly, the use of embryogenic cell suspensions has frequently been associated with an increased likelihood of genetic instability and somaclonal variation (SV) in the regenerated plants. SV is a major concern in all in vitro vegetative plant propagation systems because it leads to the loss of genetic fidelity. Since 20 years, embryogenic cell suspension based SE techniques have been applied to coffee for the large-scale dissemination of exceptional Arabica hybrids. Here, we present our production and research experience showing that SE is efficient and reliable for true-to-type propagation. Over 99% of coffee trees regenerated fully conform to the mother plant, both morphologically - they grow, flower and produce normally. Hence strong genetic and epigenetic changes in proliferating embryogenic cells are not a fatality. The results also demonstrated the importance of embryogenic culture age on SV and hence the non-random nature of this phenomenon. The genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during SE. The main change in most of phenotypic variants was aneuploidy showing that mitotic aberrations play a major role in SV in coffee. These results provide a proof of concept for the use of embryogenic cell suspensions with other plant species: a revolution in the world of plant micropropagation on an industrial scale. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 |
author |
Etienne, Hervé Bertrand, Benoît Dechamp, Eveline Maurel, Patrick Georget, Frederic Guyot, Romain Breitler, Jean-Christophe |
author_facet |
Etienne, Hervé Bertrand, Benoît Dechamp, Eveline Maurel, Patrick Georget, Frederic Guyot, Romain Breitler, Jean-Christophe |
author_sort |
Etienne, Hervé |
title |
Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
title_short |
Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
title_full |
Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
title_fullStr |
Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
title_sort |
are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? the experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/580450/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/580450/1/Etienne%20et%20al%202016%20J%20of%20Human%20Genetics%20and%20Embryology.pdf |
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AT etienneherve aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT bertrandbenoit aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT dechampeveline aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT maurelpatrick aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT georgetfrederic aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT guyotromain aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis AT breitlerjeanchristophe aregeneticsandepigeneticinstabilitiesofplantembryogeniccellsafatalitytheexperienceofcoffeesomaticembryogenesis |
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1792499048735834112 |
spelling |
dig-cirad-fr-5804502024-01-28T23:28:38Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/580450/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/580450/ Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis. Etienne Hervé, Bertrand Benoît, Dechamp Eveline, Maurel Patrick, Georget Frederic, Guyot Romain, Breitler Jean-Christophe. 2016. Human Genetics and Embryology, 6 (136), 5 p.https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0436.1000136 <https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0436.1000136> Are genetics and epigenetic instabilities of plant embryogenic cells a fatality? The experience of coffee somatic embryogenesis Etienne, Hervé Bertrand, Benoît Dechamp, Eveline Maurel, Patrick Georget, Frederic Guyot, Romain Breitler, Jean-Christophe eng 2016 Human Genetics and Embryology F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale Coffea arabica embryon somatique cellule somatique variation somaclonale génétique amélioration des plantes stabilité génétique culture in vitro micropropagation culture d'embryon Embryogénèse somatique multiplication végétative variété totipotence http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27607 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24568 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34127 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3222 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16045 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24135 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24136 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2544 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10264 In plants, undifferentiated or totally differentiated cells can be easily in vitro cultured to generate undifferentiated embryogenic cells that can regenerate complete plants. This is the most spectacular expression of totipotency. Embryogenic cells represent a key material in plant biotechnologies as they are used in many processes aiming at asexual reproduction by somatic embryogenesis (SE), genetic transformation, protoplast regeneration and cryopreservation. Nevertheless, tissue culture systems that involve the acquisition of competence for totipotency and extensive cell division remain risky with respect to genome and epigenome instabilities. Particularly, the use of embryogenic cell suspensions has frequently been associated with an increased likelihood of genetic instability and somaclonal variation (SV) in the regenerated plants. SV is a major concern in all in vitro vegetative plant propagation systems because it leads to the loss of genetic fidelity. Since 20 years, embryogenic cell suspension based SE techniques have been applied to coffee for the large-scale dissemination of exceptional Arabica hybrids. Here, we present our production and research experience showing that SE is efficient and reliable for true-to-type propagation. Over 99% of coffee trees regenerated fully conform to the mother plant, both morphologically - they grow, flower and produce normally. Hence strong genetic and epigenetic changes in proliferating embryogenic cells are not a fatality. The results also demonstrated the importance of embryogenic culture age on SV and hence the non-random nature of this phenomenon. The genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during SE. The main change in most of phenotypic variants was aneuploidy showing that mitotic aberrations play a major role in SV in coffee. These results provide a proof of concept for the use of embryogenic cell suspensions with other plant species: a revolution in the world of plant micropropagation on an industrial scale. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/580450/1/Etienne%20et%20al%202016%20J%20of%20Human%20Genetics%20and%20Embryology.pdf text cc_0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0436.1000136 10.4172/2161-0436.1000136 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4172/2161-0436.1000136 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0436.1000136 |