The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water
In the French West Indies, chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide, which is highly persistent in the environment, was applied in banana plantations from 1972 to 1993 against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Pollution surveys conducted in 2001 by the French Department of Health revealed the presence of chlordecone in soils, rivers, springs over large areas in Guadeloupe and Martinique islands. Contamination of drinking water, food crops, aquatic species by CLD has been observed as well as its presence in blood of men, pregnant women and newborns. There is therefore a large social concern about the extent and evolution of CLD pollution in the FrenchWest Indies and its impact on human health and ecosystems. From 2008 to 2012 a multidisciplinary project CHLORDEXCO took place to study the CLD fate in water, soils and the contamination characteristics of aquatic species and food crops. Here, we summarize results obtained on the processes controlling the spatial and temporal patterns of soil and water contamination at the scale of the banana cropping area in Guadeloupe and of the Perou catchment. The main soils in the contaminated areas are andosols and nitisols and formed from the weathering of volcanic ashes. They have a high organic carbon content and high content of secondary minerals, allophane for andosols and halloysite for nitisols. An analysis of the spatial distribution of CLD in soil over 1045 field plots showed that the soil type had a strong impact. Andosols, with a high sorption capacity (Koc 20 000 L/kg), had the highest CLD concentrations and stocks, unlike Nitisols, which had 10-fold lower sorption capacities. A significant " farm effect ", due to between-farm variations of application times and amounts, was also noticed. The observed stocks of CLD clearly correspond to the accumulation in soil of successive treatments and thereby confirm the high persistence of CLD in soil also observed in incubation studies in soil microcosms. Soil column studies of the transport of aged CLD however showed that CLD concentration in percolation water varied little (5 to 10 _g/L) and were of same magnitude for both soils although their sorption properties and hydrodynamic behaviours differed with larger macropore flow in the andosols. At catchment scale, contamination of surface waters was permanent with CLD concentrations one order of magnitude less than in percolation water. Temporal variations of contamination were due to dilution effects caused by water from uncontaminated uphill areas. CLD concentrations were highest in base flow indicating that the main pathway of applied CLD to surface waters is by percolation and groundwater flow. In conclusion, contamination of soil and water in the banana cropped areas of the French West Indies is general and permanent. If no soil remediation strategies can be elaborated this severe environmental contamination will last over centuries as estimated by Cabidoche et al. (2009, Environ. Poll., 57, 1697-1705). Since CLD propagates mainly by subsurface flow, buffer strips, usually recommended in many regions to limit the pollution of water by pesticides, will not be useful. (Texte intégral)
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Format: | article biblioteca |
Language: | eng |
Subjects: | H02 - Pesticides, P02 - Pollution, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, chlordécone, contamination chimique, pollution par l'agriculture, pollution du sol, pollution de l'eau, Musa, Cosmopolites sordidus, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081, |
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H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 |
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H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 Voltz, Marc Cattan, Philippe Saison, Carine Berns, Anne E. Colin, François Crabit, Armand Crevoisier, David Fernandez-Bayo, Jesus Levillain, Joseph Pak, Lai-Ting Samouelian, Anatja Cabidoche, Yves-Marie The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
description |
In the French West Indies, chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide, which is highly persistent in the environment, was applied in banana plantations from 1972 to 1993 against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Pollution surveys conducted in 2001 by the French Department of Health revealed the presence of chlordecone in soils, rivers, springs over large areas in Guadeloupe and Martinique islands. Contamination of drinking water, food crops, aquatic species by CLD has been observed as well as its presence in blood of men, pregnant women and newborns. There is therefore a large social concern about the extent and evolution of CLD pollution in the FrenchWest Indies and its impact on human health and ecosystems. From 2008 to 2012 a multidisciplinary project CHLORDEXCO took place to study the CLD fate in water, soils and the contamination characteristics of aquatic species and food crops. Here, we summarize results obtained on the processes controlling the spatial and temporal patterns of soil and water contamination at the scale of the banana cropping area in Guadeloupe and of the Perou catchment. The main soils in the contaminated areas are andosols and nitisols and formed from the weathering of volcanic ashes. They have a high organic carbon content and high content of secondary minerals, allophane for andosols and halloysite for nitisols. An analysis of the spatial distribution of CLD in soil over 1045 field plots showed that the soil type had a strong impact. Andosols, with a high sorption capacity (Koc 20 000 L/kg), had the highest CLD concentrations and stocks, unlike Nitisols, which had 10-fold lower sorption capacities. A significant " farm effect ", due to between-farm variations of application times and amounts, was also noticed. The observed stocks of CLD clearly correspond to the accumulation in soil of successive treatments and thereby confirm the high persistence of CLD in soil also observed in incubation studies in soil microcosms. Soil column studies of the transport of aged CLD however showed that CLD concentration in percolation water varied little (5 to 10 _g/L) and were of same magnitude for both soils although their sorption properties and hydrodynamic behaviours differed with larger macropore flow in the andosols. At catchment scale, contamination of surface waters was permanent with CLD concentrations one order of magnitude less than in percolation water. Temporal variations of contamination were due to dilution effects caused by water from uncontaminated uphill areas. CLD concentrations were highest in base flow indicating that the main pathway of applied CLD to surface waters is by percolation and groundwater flow. In conclusion, contamination of soil and water in the banana cropped areas of the French West Indies is general and permanent. If no soil remediation strategies can be elaborated this severe environmental contamination will last over centuries as estimated by Cabidoche et al. (2009, Environ. Poll., 57, 1697-1705). Since CLD propagates mainly by subsurface flow, buffer strips, usually recommended in many regions to limit the pollution of water by pesticides, will not be useful. (Texte intégral) |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 |
author |
Voltz, Marc Cattan, Philippe Saison, Carine Berns, Anne E. Colin, François Crabit, Armand Crevoisier, David Fernandez-Bayo, Jesus Levillain, Joseph Pak, Lai-Ting Samouelian, Anatja Cabidoche, Yves-Marie |
author_facet |
Voltz, Marc Cattan, Philippe Saison, Carine Berns, Anne E. Colin, François Crabit, Armand Crevoisier, David Fernandez-Bayo, Jesus Levillain, Joseph Pak, Lai-Ting Samouelian, Anatja Cabidoche, Yves-Marie |
author_sort |
Voltz, Marc |
title |
The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
title_short |
The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
title_full |
The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
title_fullStr |
The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water |
title_sort |
chlordecone crisis in the french west indies : its fate in soils and water |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/569255/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/569255/1/document_569255.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-5692552024-01-28T21:26:04Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/569255/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/569255/ The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water. Voltz Marc, Cattan Philippe, Saison Carine, Berns Anne E., Colin François, Crabit Armand, Crevoisier David, Fernandez-Bayo Jesus, Levillain Joseph, Pak Lai-Ting, Samouelian Anatja, Cabidoche Yves-Marie. 2013. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 15, Résumé, 1 p. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienne, Autriche, 7 Avril 2013/12 Avril 2013. The Chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies : Its fate in soils and water Voltz, Marc Cattan, Philippe Saison, Carine Berns, Anne E. Colin, François Crabit, Armand Crevoisier, David Fernandez-Bayo, Jesus Levillain, Joseph Pak, Lai-Ting Samouelian, Anatja Cabidoche, Yves-Marie eng 2013 Geophysical Research Abstracts H02 - Pesticides P02 - Pollution P33 - Chimie et physique du sol chlordécone contamination chimique pollution par l'agriculture pollution du sol pollution de l'eau Musa Cosmopolites sordidus http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31305 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28319 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7183 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8321 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30069 Martinique Guadeloupe France http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4635 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3406 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081 In the French West Indies, chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide, which is highly persistent in the environment, was applied in banana plantations from 1972 to 1993 against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Pollution surveys conducted in 2001 by the French Department of Health revealed the presence of chlordecone in soils, rivers, springs over large areas in Guadeloupe and Martinique islands. Contamination of drinking water, food crops, aquatic species by CLD has been observed as well as its presence in blood of men, pregnant women and newborns. There is therefore a large social concern about the extent and evolution of CLD pollution in the FrenchWest Indies and its impact on human health and ecosystems. From 2008 to 2012 a multidisciplinary project CHLORDEXCO took place to study the CLD fate in water, soils and the contamination characteristics of aquatic species and food crops. Here, we summarize results obtained on the processes controlling the spatial and temporal patterns of soil and water contamination at the scale of the banana cropping area in Guadeloupe and of the Perou catchment. The main soils in the contaminated areas are andosols and nitisols and formed from the weathering of volcanic ashes. They have a high organic carbon content and high content of secondary minerals, allophane for andosols and halloysite for nitisols. An analysis of the spatial distribution of CLD in soil over 1045 field plots showed that the soil type had a strong impact. Andosols, with a high sorption capacity (Koc 20 000 L/kg), had the highest CLD concentrations and stocks, unlike Nitisols, which had 10-fold lower sorption capacities. A significant " farm effect ", due to between-farm variations of application times and amounts, was also noticed. The observed stocks of CLD clearly correspond to the accumulation in soil of successive treatments and thereby confirm the high persistence of CLD in soil also observed in incubation studies in soil microcosms. Soil column studies of the transport of aged CLD however showed that CLD concentration in percolation water varied little (5 to 10 _g/L) and were of same magnitude for both soils although their sorption properties and hydrodynamic behaviours differed with larger macropore flow in the andosols. At catchment scale, contamination of surface waters was permanent with CLD concentrations one order of magnitude less than in percolation water. Temporal variations of contamination were due to dilution effects caused by water from uncontaminated uphill areas. CLD concentrations were highest in base flow indicating that the main pathway of applied CLD to surface waters is by percolation and groundwater flow. In conclusion, contamination of soil and water in the banana cropped areas of the French West Indies is general and permanent. If no soil remediation strategies can be elaborated this severe environmental contamination will last over centuries as estimated by Cabidoche et al. (2009, Environ. Poll., 57, 1697-1705). Since CLD propagates mainly by subsurface flow, buffer strips, usually recommended in many regions to limit the pollution of water by pesticides, will not be useful. (Texte intégral) article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/569255/1/document_569255.pdf application/pdf Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html |