Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale
Drought is a multiform constraint whose impact on the vegetal metabolism is very variable according to its duration, intensity and phenological stage of the vegetal development where it occurs. Thus, the plant resistance is expressed at different plant organisation levels. The present study was aimed at integrating knowledge generated by experiments carried out in Senegal on groundnut within the framework of a breeding programme geared towards improving groundnut yield under drought conditions. Three studies involved in the breeding work, are presented. The first chapter analyses an incomplete half-diallel cross performed on an original population under recurrent selection for drought adaptation. The study confirmed the weak heritability of yields but concludes that the best predictor of pod-yield was the pod-yield itself. By contrast, the study of the genetic correlations showed that a selection for high haulm-yield could lead to poor pod-maturity under drought constraint. The selection indices were performed and used to estimate genetic gains relative to the main agronomic characters according to selection pressure. The second chapter covers the genetic variability of phenological, agronomic and physiological characters studied in two series of quasi-isogenic early lines. It has indicated that genetic variability was expressed in these lines despite its closeness. Some correlations between yield and physiological parameters, i.e. mainly fluorescence parameters, were significant but not stable across lines and environments showing that groundnut have different drought adaptation strategies according to genetic background and drought pattern. This work was pursued at the molecular level with three reference cvs involving the both recurrent parents of the precedent study. The gene transcript kinetics under drought, obtained using RT-PCR, showed that Phospolipase D and Cysteine protease gene expressions were stimulated by stress in the most susceptible cultivars, whereas their was higher LEA gene expression in the resistant one. These interconnected experiments conducted at different plant organisation levels led to the development of a general methodological model and of new improved genotypes to meet the social demand.
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Subjects: | F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes, E50 - Sociologie rurale, Arachis hypogaea, adaptation, résistance à la sécheresse, amélioration des plantes, sélection récurrente, variété, variation génétique, expression des gènes, expérimentation, méthodologie, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970, |
Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/1/document_543536.pdf |
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F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 |
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F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 Clavel, Danièle Baradat, Philippe Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc Drame, Nani Khady Diop, N. Diouf, Omar Zuily Fodil, Yasmine Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
description |
Drought is a multiform constraint whose impact on the vegetal metabolism is very variable according to its duration, intensity and phenological stage of the vegetal development where it occurs. Thus, the plant resistance is expressed at different plant organisation levels. The present study was aimed at integrating knowledge generated by experiments carried out in Senegal on groundnut within the framework of a breeding programme geared towards improving groundnut yield under drought conditions. Three studies involved in the breeding work, are presented. The first chapter analyses an incomplete half-diallel cross performed on an original population under recurrent selection for drought adaptation. The study confirmed the weak heritability of yields but concludes that the best predictor of pod-yield was the pod-yield itself. By contrast, the study of the genetic correlations showed that a selection for high haulm-yield could lead to poor pod-maturity under drought constraint. The selection indices were performed and used to estimate genetic gains relative to the main agronomic characters according to selection pressure. The second chapter covers the genetic variability of phenological, agronomic and physiological characters studied in two series of quasi-isogenic early lines. It has indicated that genetic variability was expressed in these lines despite its closeness. Some correlations between yield and physiological parameters, i.e. mainly fluorescence parameters, were significant but not stable across lines and environments showing that groundnut have different drought adaptation strategies according to genetic background and drought pattern. This work was pursued at the molecular level with three reference cvs involving the both recurrent parents of the precedent study. The gene transcript kinetics under drought, obtained using RT-PCR, showed that Phospolipase D and Cysteine protease gene expressions were stimulated by stress in the most susceptible cultivars, whereas their was higher LEA gene expression in the resistant one. These interconnected experiments conducted at different plant organisation levels led to the development of a general methodological model and of new improved genotypes to meet the social demand. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 |
author |
Clavel, Danièle Baradat, Philippe Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc Drame, Nani Khady Diop, N. Diouf, Omar Zuily Fodil, Yasmine |
author_facet |
Clavel, Danièle Baradat, Philippe Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc Drame, Nani Khady Diop, N. Diouf, Omar Zuily Fodil, Yasmine |
author_sort |
Clavel, Danièle |
title |
Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
title_short |
Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
title_full |
Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
title_fullStr |
Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
title_sort |
adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/1/document_543536.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-5435362024-01-28T15:42:48Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/ Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale. Clavel Danièle, Baradat Philippe, Khalfaoui Jean-Luc, Drame Nani Khady, Diop N., Diouf Omar, Zuily Fodil Yasmine. 2007. OCL. Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides, 14 (5) : 293-308.https://doi.org/10.1684/ocl.2007.0141 <https://doi.org/10.1684/ocl.2007.0141> Adaptation à la sécheresse et création variétale : le cas de l'arachide en zone sahélienne : deuxième partie : une approche pluridisciplinaire pour la création variétale Clavel, Danièle Baradat, Philippe Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc Drame, Nani Khady Diop, N. Diouf, Omar Zuily Fodil, Yasmine fre 2007 OCL. Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes H50 - Troubles divers des plantes E50 - Sociologie rurale Arachis hypogaea adaptation résistance à la sécheresse amélioration des plantes sélection récurrente variété variation génétique expression des gènes expérimentation méthodologie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_572 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_117 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27595 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2758 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12522 Sénégal http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6970 Drought is a multiform constraint whose impact on the vegetal metabolism is very variable according to its duration, intensity and phenological stage of the vegetal development where it occurs. Thus, the plant resistance is expressed at different plant organisation levels. The present study was aimed at integrating knowledge generated by experiments carried out in Senegal on groundnut within the framework of a breeding programme geared towards improving groundnut yield under drought conditions. Three studies involved in the breeding work, are presented. The first chapter analyses an incomplete half-diallel cross performed on an original population under recurrent selection for drought adaptation. The study confirmed the weak heritability of yields but concludes that the best predictor of pod-yield was the pod-yield itself. By contrast, the study of the genetic correlations showed that a selection for high haulm-yield could lead to poor pod-maturity under drought constraint. The selection indices were performed and used to estimate genetic gains relative to the main agronomic characters according to selection pressure. The second chapter covers the genetic variability of phenological, agronomic and physiological characters studied in two series of quasi-isogenic early lines. It has indicated that genetic variability was expressed in these lines despite its closeness. Some correlations between yield and physiological parameters, i.e. mainly fluorescence parameters, were significant but not stable across lines and environments showing that groundnut have different drought adaptation strategies according to genetic background and drought pattern. This work was pursued at the molecular level with three reference cvs involving the both recurrent parents of the precedent study. The gene transcript kinetics under drought, obtained using RT-PCR, showed that Phospolipase D and Cysteine protease gene expressions were stimulated by stress in the most susceptible cultivars, whereas their was higher LEA gene expression in the resistant one. These interconnected experiments conducted at different plant organisation levels led to the development of a general methodological model and of new improved genotypes to meet the social demand. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/543536/1/document_543536.pdf application/pdf Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1684/ocl.2007.0141 10.1684/ocl.2007.0141 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1684/ocl.2007.0141 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1684/ocl.2007.0141 |