Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality
For the last 5 years, research has been undertaken on associations of coffee and shade trees in Central America to promote coffee agroforestry systems in the region and to improve coffee farmers' incomes through diversification (timber production), production of high quality coffee and payment of incentives for environmental services in order to compensate for the low coffee prices of recent years. Field measurements have been undertaken to study and model partitioning of light, nutrients and water between coffee and trees, and impacts of shade trees on microclimate, coffee physiology and quality. Farm surveys have also been done to study farmer coffee agroforestry practices and changes in agricultural management in face of the persistent coffee crisis. These results show that shade creates more favorable microclimatic conditions for coffee cultivation by decreasing leaf temperature of up to 4°C under sub-optimal conditions of low altitude (< 700 m) and by up to 2°C under optimal conditions (> 1100 m). Under sub-optimal conditions, the presence of shade trees reduces coffee heat stress, enhances coffee growth and productivity with an adequate shade level in the range of 20-40%. These results also show that coffee transpiration is lower under shade trees (Eucalyptus deglupta or Terminalia ivorensis) or artificial shade than in full sun. These results demonstrate that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions as the presence of shade improves coffee quality, irrespective of the ecological conditions, via a lengthening of the maturation period of coffee berries (up to 6 weeks under shade trees in sub-optimal conditions, and up to 3-4 weeks under artificial shade in optimal conditions). This translates into better bean filling, larger bean size, improved biochemical composition and higher cup quality. Coffee beverage from sun-grown coffee is bitter and more astringent than that from shade-grown ones. Furthermore, beverage acidity and preference are higher for coffee produced under artificial shade or timber trees compared to full sun conditions. Consequently, shade trees improve both the productivity and quality under sub-optimal conditions. Under optimal conditions, the reduction of coffee productivity (~20%) observed with shade can be economically compensated by a decrease in alternate production pattern and a premium paid for higher coffee quality. The farm survey indicates that shade level and tree density are generally too high in coffee farms for a good compromise between an acceptable reduction in coffee productivity and a diversification of revenues from sales of timber products. Changes in farmers' practices vary according to ecological conditions and coffee prices at farm gate. In optimal conditions where high prices are rewarding coffee quality, the farmers remain strongly focalized on producing coffee, although cutting costs without compromising too much plantation productivity. On the other hand, the role of trees is been reinforced in sub-optimal lowlands as sales of timber are representing up to 80% of coffee incomes. These results highlight the fact that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions and that payments for environmental services provided by coffee agroforestry systems are starting to take place in the Central America. Still, additional research is needed to model the effects of agroforestry practices on microclimate, resource partitioning, coffee physiology, productivity and quality in order to provide adequate recommendations for extension services and farmers on the selection and management of associated shade trees according to ecological conditions.
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Subjects: | F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Coffea arabica, agroforesterie, système de culture, ombrage, pratique culturale, facteur lié au site, qualité, enquête, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920, |
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 |
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 Vaast, Philippe Van Kanten, Rudolf Siles, Pablo Dzib, Benito Franck, Nicolas Harmand, Jean-Michel Génard, Michel Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
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For the last 5 years, research has been undertaken on associations of coffee and shade trees in Central America to promote coffee agroforestry systems in the region and to improve coffee farmers' incomes through diversification (timber production), production of high quality coffee and payment of incentives for environmental services in order to compensate for the low coffee prices of recent years. Field measurements have been undertaken to study and model partitioning of light, nutrients and water between coffee and trees, and impacts of shade trees on microclimate, coffee physiology and quality. Farm surveys have also been done to study farmer coffee agroforestry practices and changes in agricultural management in face of the persistent coffee crisis. These results show that shade creates more favorable microclimatic conditions for coffee cultivation by decreasing leaf temperature of up to 4°C under sub-optimal conditions of low altitude (< 700 m) and by up to 2°C under optimal conditions (> 1100 m). Under sub-optimal conditions, the presence of shade trees reduces coffee heat stress, enhances coffee growth and productivity with an adequate shade level in the range of 20-40%. These results also show that coffee transpiration is lower under shade trees (Eucalyptus deglupta or Terminalia ivorensis) or artificial shade than in full sun. These results demonstrate that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions as the presence of shade improves coffee quality, irrespective of the ecological conditions, via a lengthening of the maturation period of coffee berries (up to 6 weeks under shade trees in sub-optimal conditions, and up to 3-4 weeks under artificial shade in optimal conditions). This translates into better bean filling, larger bean size, improved biochemical composition and higher cup quality. Coffee beverage from sun-grown coffee is bitter and more astringent than that from shade-grown ones. Furthermore, beverage acidity and preference are higher for coffee produced under artificial shade or timber trees compared to full sun conditions. Consequently, shade trees improve both the productivity and quality under sub-optimal conditions. Under optimal conditions, the reduction of coffee productivity (~20%) observed with shade can be economically compensated by a decrease in alternate production pattern and a premium paid for higher coffee quality. The farm survey indicates that shade level and tree density are generally too high in coffee farms for a good compromise between an acceptable reduction in coffee productivity and a diversification of revenues from sales of timber products. Changes in farmers' practices vary according to ecological conditions and coffee prices at farm gate. In optimal conditions where high prices are rewarding coffee quality, the farmers remain strongly focalized on producing coffee, although cutting costs without compromising too much plantation productivity. On the other hand, the role of trees is been reinforced in sub-optimal lowlands as sales of timber are representing up to 80% of coffee incomes. These results highlight the fact that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions and that payments for environmental services provided by coffee agroforestry systems are starting to take place in the Central America. Still, additional research is needed to model the effects of agroforestry practices on microclimate, resource partitioning, coffee physiology, productivity and quality in order to provide adequate recommendations for extension services and farmers on the selection and management of associated shade trees according to ecological conditions. |
format |
conference_item |
topic_facet |
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 |
author |
Vaast, Philippe Van Kanten, Rudolf Siles, Pablo Dzib, Benito Franck, Nicolas Harmand, Jean-Michel Génard, Michel |
author_facet |
Vaast, Philippe Van Kanten, Rudolf Siles, Pablo Dzib, Benito Franck, Nicolas Harmand, Jean-Michel Génard, Michel |
author_sort |
Vaast, Philippe |
title |
Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
title_short |
Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
title_full |
Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
title_fullStr |
Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
title_sort |
shade: a key factor for coffee sustainability and quality |
publisher |
ASIC |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/529372/ |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT vaastphilippe shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT vankantenrudolf shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT silespablo shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT dzibbenito shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT francknicolas shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT harmandjeanmichel shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality AT genardmichel shadeakeyfactorforcoffeesustainabilityandquality |
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dig-cirad-fr-5293722024-01-28T14:03:31Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/529372/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/529372/ Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality. Vaast Philippe, Van Kanten Rudolf, Siles Pablo, Dzib Benito, Franck Nicolas, Harmand Jean-Michel, Génard Michel. 2005. In : 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, 11-15 October 2004, Bangalore, India = 20ème Colloque Scientifique International sur le Café ; 20. Internationales Wissenshaftliches Kolloquium über Kaffee ; 20e Coloquio Cientifico Internacional sobre el Café. ASIC. Paris : ASIC, 887-896. ISBN 2-900212-19-7 Colloque Scientifique International sur le Café. 20, Bangalore, Inde, 11 Octobre 2004/15 Octobre 2004. Shade: A key factor for coffee sustainability and quality Vaast, Philippe Van Kanten, Rudolf Siles, Pablo Dzib, Benito Franck, Nicolas Harmand, Jean-Michel Génard, Michel eng 2005 ASIC 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, 11-15 October 2004, Bangalore, India F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture Coffea arabica agroforesterie système de culture ombrage pratique culturale facteur lié au site qualité enquête http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7020 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7087 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6400 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7537 Amérique centrale Costa Rica http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1434 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920 For the last 5 years, research has been undertaken on associations of coffee and shade trees in Central America to promote coffee agroforestry systems in the region and to improve coffee farmers' incomes through diversification (timber production), production of high quality coffee and payment of incentives for environmental services in order to compensate for the low coffee prices of recent years. Field measurements have been undertaken to study and model partitioning of light, nutrients and water between coffee and trees, and impacts of shade trees on microclimate, coffee physiology and quality. Farm surveys have also been done to study farmer coffee agroforestry practices and changes in agricultural management in face of the persistent coffee crisis. These results show that shade creates more favorable microclimatic conditions for coffee cultivation by decreasing leaf temperature of up to 4°C under sub-optimal conditions of low altitude (< 700 m) and by up to 2°C under optimal conditions (> 1100 m). Under sub-optimal conditions, the presence of shade trees reduces coffee heat stress, enhances coffee growth and productivity with an adequate shade level in the range of 20-40%. These results also show that coffee transpiration is lower under shade trees (Eucalyptus deglupta or Terminalia ivorensis) or artificial shade than in full sun. These results demonstrate that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions as the presence of shade improves coffee quality, irrespective of the ecological conditions, via a lengthening of the maturation period of coffee berries (up to 6 weeks under shade trees in sub-optimal conditions, and up to 3-4 weeks under artificial shade in optimal conditions). This translates into better bean filling, larger bean size, improved biochemical composition and higher cup quality. Coffee beverage from sun-grown coffee is bitter and more astringent than that from shade-grown ones. Furthermore, beverage acidity and preference are higher for coffee produced under artificial shade or timber trees compared to full sun conditions. Consequently, shade trees improve both the productivity and quality under sub-optimal conditions. Under optimal conditions, the reduction of coffee productivity (~20%) observed with shade can be economically compensated by a decrease in alternate production pattern and a premium paid for higher coffee quality. The farm survey indicates that shade level and tree density are generally too high in coffee farms for a good compromise between an acceptable reduction in coffee productivity and a diversification of revenues from sales of timber products. Changes in farmers' practices vary according to ecological conditions and coffee prices at farm gate. In optimal conditions where high prices are rewarding coffee quality, the farmers remain strongly focalized on producing coffee, although cutting costs without compromising too much plantation productivity. On the other hand, the role of trees is been reinforced in sub-optimal lowlands as sales of timber are representing up to 80% of coffee incomes. These results highlight the fact that beneficial effects of shade are not limited to sub-optimal conditions and that payments for environmental services provided by coffee agroforestry systems are starting to take place in the Central America. Still, additional research is needed to model the effects of agroforestry practices on microclimate, resource partitioning, coffee physiology, productivity and quality in order to provide adequate recommendations for extension services and farmers on the selection and management of associated shade trees according to ecological conditions. conference_item info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject Conference info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess http://catalogue-bibliotheques.cirad.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=186556 |