Tree shape measurement at the stand level for biomass, volume and wood properties assessment

The problems caused by the irregular tree shape (longitudinal form or iregularity cross-section) are well known for the industrials users (sawmills, veneering industries...): low yield, problems in the drying process due to the occurrence of reaction wood. This paper presents several existing or potential methods of measurement which could participate in establishing a better connection between the standing tree shape and the internal quality of the stem. These methods have different levels of complexity and precision of the stem shape. They range from rather simple and quick methods (allometric relationships, digital images) which could be used in some forestry assessment of the quality, to more sophisticated and precise methods (laser distancer, tacheometer, 3D laser scanner) only used for scientific purposes.