Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize
High kernel-zinc maize varieties are available to consumers in several countries in Latin America to contribute to increase the zinc intake of their populations. Minerals, phytic acid and amino acids retention were measured after processing six maize varieties including three high kernel-zinc, one quality protein maize and two conventional maize. Grain for each variety was processed in duplicate into tortillas, arepas and mazamorra, common maize dishes in the region. To evaluate the effect of processing kernel-zinc maize varieties on zinc retention, varieties were grouped in zinc biofortified maize (ZBM) and non-ZBM. Iron, zinc, phytic acid, tryptophan and lysine concentrations in non-processed maize were 17.1–19.1 μg/g DW, 23.9–33.0 μg/g DW, 9.9–10.0 mg/g DW, 0.06–0.08% and 0.27–0.37%, respectively. In tortillas, the iron, zinc, phytic acid and lysine content did not change (p<0.05) compared to raw grain, while tryptophan decreased by 32%. True retention of iron in arepas and mazamorra was 43.9 and 60.0%, for zinc 36.8 and 41.3%, and for phytic acid 19.3 and 25.1%. Tortillas had higher zinc retention than arepas and mazamorra due to use of whole grain in the nixtamalization process. Therefore, to contribute to higher zinc intake, nixtamalized tortilla prepared with biofortified zinc maize is recommended. Additionally, promotion of whole grain flour to prepare arepas should be explored to enhance the intake of minerals that are usually confined to aleurone layers and germ.
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2021
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Subjects: | AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOFORTIFICATION, ZINC, LYSINE, TRYPTOPHAN, MAIZE, |
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dig-cimmyt-10883-213472023-04-03T20:31:47Z Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize Gallego-Castillo, S. Taleon, V. Talsma, E.F. Rosales-Nolasco, A. Palacios-Rojas, N. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE High kernel-zinc maize varieties are available to consumers in several countries in Latin America to contribute to increase the zinc intake of their populations. Minerals, phytic acid and amino acids retention were measured after processing six maize varieties including three high kernel-zinc, one quality protein maize and two conventional maize. Grain for each variety was processed in duplicate into tortillas, arepas and mazamorra, common maize dishes in the region. To evaluate the effect of processing kernel-zinc maize varieties on zinc retention, varieties were grouped in zinc biofortified maize (ZBM) and non-ZBM. Iron, zinc, phytic acid, tryptophan and lysine concentrations in non-processed maize were 17.1–19.1 μg/g DW, 23.9–33.0 μg/g DW, 9.9–10.0 mg/g DW, 0.06–0.08% and 0.27–0.37%, respectively. In tortillas, the iron, zinc, phytic acid and lysine content did not change (p<0.05) compared to raw grain, while tryptophan decreased by 32%. True retention of iron in arepas and mazamorra was 43.9 and 60.0%, for zinc 36.8 and 41.3%, and for phytic acid 19.3 and 25.1%. Tortillas had higher zinc retention than arepas and mazamorra due to use of whole grain in the nixtamalization process. Therefore, to contribute to higher zinc intake, nixtamalized tortilla prepared with biofortified zinc maize is recommended. Additionally, promotion of whole grain flour to prepare arepas should be explored to enhance the intake of minerals that are usually confined to aleurone layers and germ. 279-286 2021-04-10T00:05:13Z 2021-04-10T00:05:13Z 2021 Article Published Version https://hdl.handle.net/10883/21347 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.007 English https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927121000204?via%3Dihub#appsec1 CIMMYT manages Intellectual Assets as International Public Goods. The user is free to download, print, store and share this work. In case you want to translate or create any other derivative work and share or distribute such translation/derivative work, please contact CIMMYT-Knowledge-Center@cgiar.org indicating the work you want to use and the kind of use you intend; CIMMYT will contact you with the suitable license for that purpose Open Access Amsterdam (Netherlands) Elsevier 4 2665-9271 Current Research in Food Science |
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE |
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE Gallego-Castillo, S. Taleon, V. Talsma, E.F. Rosales-Nolasco, A. Palacios-Rojas, N. Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
description |
High kernel-zinc maize varieties are available to consumers in several countries in Latin America to contribute to increase the zinc intake of their populations. Minerals, phytic acid and amino acids retention were measured after processing six maize varieties including three high kernel-zinc, one quality protein maize and two conventional maize. Grain for each variety was processed in duplicate into tortillas, arepas and mazamorra, common maize dishes in the region. To evaluate the effect of processing kernel-zinc maize varieties on zinc retention, varieties were grouped in zinc biofortified maize (ZBM) and non-ZBM. Iron, zinc, phytic acid, tryptophan and lysine concentrations in non-processed maize were 17.1–19.1 μg/g DW, 23.9–33.0 μg/g DW, 9.9–10.0 mg/g DW, 0.06–0.08% and 0.27–0.37%, respectively. In tortillas, the iron, zinc, phytic acid and lysine content did not change (p<0.05) compared to raw grain, while tryptophan decreased by 32%. True retention of iron in arepas and mazamorra was 43.9 and 60.0%, for zinc 36.8 and 41.3%, and for phytic acid 19.3 and 25.1%. Tortillas had higher zinc retention than arepas and mazamorra due to use of whole grain in the nixtamalization process. Therefore, to contribute to higher zinc intake, nixtamalized tortilla prepared with biofortified zinc maize is recommended. Additionally, promotion of whole grain flour to prepare arepas should be explored to enhance the intake of minerals that are usually confined to aleurone layers and germ. |
format |
Article |
topic_facet |
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFORTIFICATION ZINC LYSINE TRYPTOPHAN MAIZE |
author |
Gallego-Castillo, S. Taleon, V. Talsma, E.F. Rosales-Nolasco, A. Palacios-Rojas, N. |
author_facet |
Gallego-Castillo, S. Taleon, V. Talsma, E.F. Rosales-Nolasco, A. Palacios-Rojas, N. |
author_sort |
Gallego-Castillo, S. |
title |
Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
title_short |
Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
title_full |
Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
title_fullStr |
Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
title_sort |
effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10883/21347 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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