Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems
Knowledge of the recruitment of dominant forest species is a key aspect for forest conservation and the ecosystem services they provide. In this paper, we address how the simultaneous action of climate change and the intensity of land use in the past influence the recruitment of a forest species that depends on the provision of nurse plants to recruit. We compared the number of saplings (up to 15 years old) and juveniles (16 to 50 years old) of Quercus ilex in 17, 5.3 ha plots in the Iberian System (eastern Spain). We used a gradient of past deforestation intensity crossed with two levels of average annual precipitation, one of them at the lower limit of the species' precipitation niche (semi-arid) and the other at the optimum (sub-humid). We also examined the association between recruits and nurse plants and the effect on this association of plot-scale factors, such as seed abundance (reproductive Q. ilex), microsites (nurse species and soil availability), and large herbivores. The increase in aridity in the last decades has drastically reduced the recruitment of new individuals in the forests of Q. ilex located in the lower limit of their precipitation niche, regardless of the intensity of past deforestation that they suffered. Recruitment in these climatic conditions depends almost exclusively on large trees and shrubs whose abundance may also be limited by aridity. The lack of regeneration questions the future of these populations, as the number of individuals will decrease over time despite the strong resistance of adult trees to disturbance and drought.
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2020-10-14
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Subjects: | Deforestation, Nurses, Herbivory, Plant-herbivore interactions, Forests, Trees, Seedlings, Seeds, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/233144 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
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dig-cide-es-10261-2331442021-12-27T15:56:39Z Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems García-Fayos, P. Monleón, Vicente Espigares, T. Nicolau, J. M. Bochet, E. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI) Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds Knowledge of the recruitment of dominant forest species is a key aspect for forest conservation and the ecosystem services they provide. In this paper, we address how the simultaneous action of climate change and the intensity of land use in the past influence the recruitment of a forest species that depends on the provision of nurse plants to recruit. We compared the number of saplings (up to 15 years old) and juveniles (16 to 50 years old) of Quercus ilex in 17, 5.3 ha plots in the Iberian System (eastern Spain). We used a gradient of past deforestation intensity crossed with two levels of average annual precipitation, one of them at the lower limit of the species' precipitation niche (semi-arid) and the other at the optimum (sub-humid). We also examined the association between recruits and nurse plants and the effect on this association of plot-scale factors, such as seed abundance (reproductive Q. ilex), microsites (nurse species and soil availability), and large herbivores. The increase in aridity in the last decades has drastically reduced the recruitment of new individuals in the forests of Q. ilex located in the lower limit of their precipitation niche, regardless of the intensity of past deforestation that they suffered. Recruitment in these climatic conditions depends almost exclusively on large trees and shrubs whose abundance may also be limited by aridity. The lack of regeneration questions the future of these populations, as the number of individuals will decrease over time despite the strong resistance of adult trees to disturbance and drought. This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España, CGL2013-42213-R, to Dr Esther Bochet; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund, RTI2018-095037-B-I00 to EB; Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport, PROMETEO 2016/021 to PG-F. The CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative gave support of the publication fee through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). 2021-03-05T15:00:27Z 2021-03-05T15:00:27Z 2020-10-14 2021-03-05T15:00:28Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 PLoS ONE 15 (2020) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/233144 10.1371/journal.pone.0239755 1932-6203 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 33052951 #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2013-42213-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-095037-B-I00 RTI2018-095037-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Publisher's version http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239755 Sí open Public Library of Science |
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Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds |
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Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds García-Fayos, P. Monleón, Vicente Espigares, T. Nicolau, J. M. Bochet, E. Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
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Knowledge of the recruitment of dominant forest species is a key aspect for forest conservation and the ecosystem services they provide. In this paper, we address how the simultaneous action of climate change and the intensity of land use in the past influence the recruitment of a forest species that depends on the provision of nurse plants to recruit. We compared the number of saplings (up to 15 years old) and juveniles (16 to 50 years old) of Quercus ilex in 17, 5.3 ha plots in the Iberian System (eastern Spain). We used a gradient of past deforestation intensity crossed with two levels of average annual precipitation, one of them at the lower limit of the species' precipitation niche (semi-arid) and the other at the optimum (sub-humid). We also examined the association between recruits and nurse plants and the effect on this association of plot-scale factors, such as seed abundance (reproductive Q. ilex), microsites (nurse species and soil availability), and large herbivores. The increase in aridity in the last decades has drastically reduced the recruitment of new individuals in the forests of Q. ilex located in the lower limit of their precipitation niche, regardless of the intensity of past deforestation that they suffered. Recruitment in these climatic conditions depends almost exclusively on large trees and shrubs whose abundance may also be limited by aridity. The lack of regeneration questions the future of these populations, as the number of individuals will decrease over time despite the strong resistance of adult trees to disturbance and drought. |
author2 |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) |
author_facet |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) García-Fayos, P. Monleón, Vicente Espigares, T. Nicolau, J. M. Bochet, E. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Deforestation Nurses Herbivory Plant-herbivore interactions Forests Trees Seedlings Seeds |
author |
García-Fayos, P. Monleón, Vicente Espigares, T. Nicolau, J. M. Bochet, E. |
author_sort |
García-Fayos, P. |
title |
Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
title_short |
Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
title_full |
Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of Quercus ilex(holm oak) in Mediterranean ecosystems |
title_sort |
increasing aridity threatens the sexual regeneration of quercus ilex(holm oak) in mediterranean ecosystems |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2020-10-14 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/233144 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT garciafayosp increasingariditythreatensthesexualregenerationofquercusilexholmoakinmediterraneanecosystems AT monleonvicente increasingariditythreatensthesexualregenerationofquercusilexholmoakinmediterraneanecosystems AT espigarest increasingariditythreatensthesexualregenerationofquercusilexholmoakinmediterraneanecosystems AT nicolaujm increasingariditythreatensthesexualregenerationofquercusilexholmoakinmediterraneanecosystems AT bochete increasingariditythreatensthesexualregenerationofquercusilexholmoakinmediterraneanecosystems |
_version_ |
1777665594862075904 |