Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of the essential linoleic fatty acid (LA, C18:2 cis 9, cis 12) characterized by the presence of double bonds from 6 to 14 position (6–8; 7–9; 8–10; 9–11; 10–12; 11–13; 12–14) and four conformations (cis, trans; trans, cis; trans, trans, and cis, cis) yielding 28 possible isomers [1]. The CLA is mainly found in food products from ruminants such as dairy products (0.34–1.07 g/100 g fat) [2] and beef (0.12–0.68 g/100 g fat) [3], because it is produced as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation pathway by ruminal bacteria (Fig. 14.1). The most abundant isomers (Table 14.1) are rumenic acid (RA; C18:2 cis 9, trans 11) accounting 75–90 % of total CLA in milk fat and C18:2 trans 7, cis 9 with 3–16 % [4]. Many research works had investigated the biological effects of RA reporting anticarcinogenic [10], antiaterogenic [11], antioxidative [12], and stimulation of the immune system [13]. Reduction of body fat [14] (antiobesity activity) has been associated with the C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 isomer mainly present in CLA synthetic oils. In the current market there are available rich CLA oils with a concentration of 80 g CLA/100 g oil with a 1:1 mixture of the two major isomers C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 and C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 and other minor isomers consisting of all cis/trans isomers of C18:2 9,11; 10,12 and 11,13 [15]. Various methods are available to produce synthetic CLA oil but alkaline isomerization of linoleic acid is the most common method [16] (Fig. 14.2).
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | capítulo de libro biblioteca |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Humana Press
2013
|
Subjects: | Conjugated linoleic acids, CLA isomers, Dairy products, Milkfat, Functional foods, Probiotic bacteria, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246060 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
dig-cial-es-10261-246060 |
---|---|
record_format |
koha |
spelling |
dig-cial-es-10261-2460602021-07-21T02:22:05Z Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis M. Villar-Tajadura, M. Antonia Juárez, Manuela Fontecha, F. Javier Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of the essential linoleic fatty acid (LA, C18:2 cis 9, cis 12) characterized by the presence of double bonds from 6 to 14 position (6–8; 7–9; 8–10; 9–11; 10–12; 11–13; 12–14) and four conformations (cis, trans; trans, cis; trans, trans, and cis, cis) yielding 28 possible isomers [1]. The CLA is mainly found in food products from ruminants such as dairy products (0.34–1.07 g/100 g fat) [2] and beef (0.12–0.68 g/100 g fat) [3], because it is produced as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation pathway by ruminal bacteria (Fig. 14.1). The most abundant isomers (Table 14.1) are rumenic acid (RA; C18:2 cis 9, trans 11) accounting 75–90 % of total CLA in milk fat and C18:2 trans 7, cis 9 with 3–16 % [4]. Many research works had investigated the biological effects of RA reporting anticarcinogenic [10], antiaterogenic [11], antioxidative [12], and stimulation of the immune system [13]. Reduction of body fat [14] (antiobesity activity) has been associated with the C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 isomer mainly present in CLA synthetic oils. In the current market there are available rich CLA oils with a concentration of 80 g CLA/100 g oil with a 1:1 mixture of the two major isomers C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 and C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 and other minor isomers consisting of all cis/trans isomers of C18:2 9,11; 10,12 and 11,13 [15]. Various methods are available to produce synthetic CLA oil but alkaline isomerization of linoleic acid is the most common method [16] (Fig. 14.2). Peer reviewed 2021-07-16T12:37:26Z 2021-07-16T12:37:26Z 2013 capítulo de libro http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248 Handbook of Food Fortification and Health: 173-184 (2013) 978-1-4614-7076-2 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246060 10.1007/978-1-4614-7076-2_14 en Sí none Humana Press |
institution |
CIAL ES |
collection |
DSpace |
country |
España |
countrycode |
ES |
component |
Bibliográfico |
access |
En linea |
databasecode |
dig-cial-es |
tag |
biblioteca |
region |
Europa del Sur |
libraryname |
Biblioteca del CIAL España |
language |
English |
topic |
Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria |
spellingShingle |
Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis M. Villar-Tajadura, M. Antonia Juárez, Manuela Fontecha, F. Javier Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
description |
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of the essential linoleic fatty acid (LA, C18:2 cis 9, cis 12) characterized by the presence of double bonds from 6 to 14 position (6–8; 7–9; 8–10; 9–11; 10–12; 11–13; 12–14) and four conformations (cis, trans; trans, cis; trans, trans, and cis, cis) yielding 28 possible isomers [1]. The CLA is mainly found in food products from ruminants such as dairy products (0.34–1.07 g/100 g fat) [2] and beef (0.12–0.68 g/100 g fat) [3], because it is produced as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation pathway by ruminal bacteria (Fig. 14.1). The most abundant isomers (Table 14.1) are rumenic acid (RA; C18:2 cis 9, trans 11) accounting 75–90 % of total CLA in milk fat and C18:2 trans 7, cis 9 with 3–16 % [4]. Many research works had investigated the biological effects of RA reporting anticarcinogenic [10], antiaterogenic [11], antioxidative [12], and stimulation of the immune system [13]. Reduction of body fat [14] (antiobesity activity) has been associated with the C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 isomer mainly present in CLA synthetic oils. In the current market there are available rich CLA oils with a concentration of 80 g CLA/100 g oil with a 1:1 mixture of the two major isomers C18:2 cis 9, trans 11 and C18:2 trans 10, cis 12 and other minor isomers consisting of all cis/trans isomers of C18:2 9,11; 10,12 and 11,13 [15]. Various methods are available to produce synthetic CLA oil but alkaline isomerization of linoleic acid is the most common method [16] (Fig. 14.2). |
format |
capítulo de libro |
topic_facet |
Conjugated linoleic acids CLA isomers Dairy products Milkfat Functional foods Probiotic bacteria |
author |
Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis M. Villar-Tajadura, M. Antonia Juárez, Manuela Fontecha, F. Javier |
author_facet |
Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis M. Villar-Tajadura, M. Antonia Juárez, Manuela Fontecha, F. Javier |
author_sort |
Rodríguez Alcalá, Luis M. |
title |
Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
title_short |
Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
title_full |
Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
title_fullStr |
Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
title_full_unstemmed |
Commercial Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Fortified Dairy Products |
title_sort |
commercial conjugated linoleic acid (cla) fortified dairy products |
publisher |
Humana Press |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/246060 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT rodriguezalcalaluism commercialconjugatedlinoleicacidclafortifieddairyproducts AT villartajaduramantonia commercialconjugatedlinoleicacidclafortifieddairyproducts AT juarezmanuela commercialconjugatedlinoleicacidclafortifieddairyproducts AT fontechafjavier commercialconjugatedlinoleicacidclafortifieddairyproducts |
_version_ |
1777671492968906752 |