Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis
As calls for bolstering environmental services on croplands have grown more insistent during the past two decades, the search for ways to foster sustainable, reduced input agriculture has become more urgent. In this context we re-examine by means of a meta-analysis the argument, first proposed by Robert McC. Netting, that small scale, mixed crop – livestock farming, a common livelihood among poor rural peoples, encourages environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. As predicted, mixed crop – livestock farms exhibit more sustainable practices, but, contrary to predictions, a small scale of operation does not predict sustainability. Unsustainable practices occur on small farms characterized by degrading, input scarce agriculture and on large farms characterized by industrialized, high chemical input agriculture. Sustainable practices occur on small farms that mix crops with livestock production, and they occur on large farms characterized by minimum tillage. The strength and pervasiveness of the link between mixed crop –livestock farming and sustainable agricultural practices in both developed and developing countries argues for agricultural policies that promote mixed crop – livestock livelihoods.
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Format: | Journal Article biblioteca |
Language: | English |
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MDPI
2016-02-06
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Subjects: | sustainable agriculture, conservation agriculture, smallholders, agroecology, livestock, agricultura sostenible, agroecología, ganado, |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/70959 https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010006 |
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dig-cgspace-10568-709592023-12-08T19:36:04Z Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis Rudel, Thomas K. Kwon, Oh-Jung Paul, Birthe K. Boval, Maryline Rao, Idupulapati M. Burbano, Diana McGroddy, Megan Lerner, Amy M White, Douglas Cuchillo-Hilario, Mario Peters, Michael sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado As calls for bolstering environmental services on croplands have grown more insistent during the past two decades, the search for ways to foster sustainable, reduced input agriculture has become more urgent. In this context we re-examine by means of a meta-analysis the argument, first proposed by Robert McC. Netting, that small scale, mixed crop – livestock farming, a common livelihood among poor rural peoples, encourages environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. As predicted, mixed crop – livestock farms exhibit more sustainable practices, but, contrary to predictions, a small scale of operation does not predict sustainability. Unsustainable practices occur on small farms characterized by degrading, input scarce agriculture and on large farms characterized by industrialized, high chemical input agriculture. Sustainable practices occur on small farms that mix crops with livestock production, and they occur on large farms characterized by minimum tillage. The strength and pervasiveness of the link between mixed crop –livestock farming and sustainable agricultural practices in both developed and developing countries argues for agricultural policies that promote mixed crop – livestock livelihoods. 2016-02-06 2016-02-08T18:52:58Z 2016-02-08T18:52:58Z Journal Article Rudel, Thomas K.; Kwon, Oh-Jung; Paul, Birthe K.; Boval, Maryline; Rao, Idupulapati Madhusudana; Burbano, Diana; McGroddy, Megan; Lerner, Amy M.; White, Douglas; Cuchillo, Mario; Peters, Michael. 2016. Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis. Land 5(1), 6. 2073-445X https://hdl.handle.net/10568/70959 https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010006 en CC-BY-4.0 Open Access MDPI Land |
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sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado |
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sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado Rudel, Thomas K. Kwon, Oh-Jung Paul, Birthe K. Boval, Maryline Rao, Idupulapati M. Burbano, Diana McGroddy, Megan Lerner, Amy M White, Douglas Cuchillo-Hilario, Mario Peters, Michael Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
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As calls for bolstering environmental services on croplands have grown more insistent during the past two decades, the search for ways to foster sustainable, reduced input agriculture has become more urgent. In this context we re-examine by means of a meta-analysis the argument, first proposed by Robert McC. Netting, that small scale, mixed crop – livestock farming, a common livelihood among poor rural peoples, encourages environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. As predicted, mixed crop – livestock farms exhibit more sustainable practices, but, contrary to predictions, a small scale of operation does not predict sustainability. Unsustainable practices occur on small farms characterized by degrading, input scarce agriculture and on large farms characterized by industrialized, high chemical input agriculture. Sustainable practices occur on small farms that mix crops with livestock production, and they occur on large farms characterized by minimum tillage. The strength and pervasiveness of the link between mixed crop –livestock farming and sustainable agricultural practices in both developed and developing countries argues for agricultural policies that promote mixed crop – livestock livelihoods. |
format |
Journal Article |
topic_facet |
sustainable agriculture conservation agriculture smallholders agroecology livestock agricultura sostenible agroecología ganado |
author |
Rudel, Thomas K. Kwon, Oh-Jung Paul, Birthe K. Boval, Maryline Rao, Idupulapati M. Burbano, Diana McGroddy, Megan Lerner, Amy M White, Douglas Cuchillo-Hilario, Mario Peters, Michael |
author_facet |
Rudel, Thomas K. Kwon, Oh-Jung Paul, Birthe K. Boval, Maryline Rao, Idupulapati M. Burbano, Diana McGroddy, Megan Lerner, Amy M White, Douglas Cuchillo-Hilario, Mario Peters, Michael |
author_sort |
Rudel, Thomas K. |
title |
Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
title_short |
Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
title_full |
Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? A meta-analysis |
title_sort |
do smallholder, mixed crop-livestock livelihoods encourage sustainable agricultural practices? a meta-analysis |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2016-02-06 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/70959 https://doi.org/10.3390/land5010006 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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