Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa

Rice is a specific silica-accumulator among higher plants. The Si in rice enhances resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The booming demand for rice in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires rapid increases in rice production, and hence more Si supply will be needed from soils, irrigation water, and external inputs. However, the current Si-nutrient status of rice plants and relevant factors has been so far paid little attention in the region. Therefore, an extensive survey was conducted for evaluating variability of Si concentration in rice straw in relation to soil properties, fertilizer management practices, and rice-growing environments across a wide range of local farmers’ fields in SSA. Plant and soil samples were collected at harvesting time from 99 fields in Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nigeria, and then chemically analyzed. The Si concentration in straw ranged 1.7–8.4%, and the values in 68% of the fields were below the critical deficiency level of 5%. The Si concentration in straw was most significantly correlated with the amounts of water-soluble Si in soils after 1-week anaerobic incubation at 40 °C (hereafter, plant-available Si). The plant-available Si was particularly low in the acidic soils of Highland and Humid Agro-ecological zones, mainly consisting of weathered Oxisols and Ultisols. The mean Si values were greatest in the order of irrigated lowland (5.3%) > rainfed lowland (4.3%) > upland (3.4%) among different rice-growing environments. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 59% of the variation in Si concentration in straw was explained by the plant-available Si in soils, rice-growing environments, N application rates, and mineralizable N in soils. The regression model indicated that improvement of plant-available Si in soils could increase the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.043% per mg kg−1, while external N application lowered the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.0068% per kg N ha−1 input. This extensive survey revealed that low Si nutrient status was widely observed for rice as associated with limited plant-available Si in the SSA soils. The probability of Si deficiency can be increased with abundant N application and non-submerged field conditions. By focusing on these Si-deficient field conditions, further studies should quantify the relationship between Si-nutrient status and occurrence of environmental stresses such as blast infection so as to develop appropriate Si-management practices for rice production in SSA.

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Main Authors: Tsujimoto, Y., Muranaka, S., Saito, Kazuki, Asai, H.
Format: Journal Article biblioteca
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2014-01
Subjects:rice, straw,
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116546
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.10.003
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spelling dig-cgspace-10568-1165462023-12-27T19:42:23Z Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa Tsujimoto, Y. Muranaka, S. Saito, Kazuki Asai, H. rice straw Rice is a specific silica-accumulator among higher plants. The Si in rice enhances resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The booming demand for rice in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires rapid increases in rice production, and hence more Si supply will be needed from soils, irrigation water, and external inputs. However, the current Si-nutrient status of rice plants and relevant factors has been so far paid little attention in the region. Therefore, an extensive survey was conducted for evaluating variability of Si concentration in rice straw in relation to soil properties, fertilizer management practices, and rice-growing environments across a wide range of local farmers’ fields in SSA. Plant and soil samples were collected at harvesting time from 99 fields in Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nigeria, and then chemically analyzed. The Si concentration in straw ranged 1.7–8.4%, and the values in 68% of the fields were below the critical deficiency level of 5%. The Si concentration in straw was most significantly correlated with the amounts of water-soluble Si in soils after 1-week anaerobic incubation at 40 °C (hereafter, plant-available Si). The plant-available Si was particularly low in the acidic soils of Highland and Humid Agro-ecological zones, mainly consisting of weathered Oxisols and Ultisols. The mean Si values were greatest in the order of irrigated lowland (5.3%) > rainfed lowland (4.3%) > upland (3.4%) among different rice-growing environments. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 59% of the variation in Si concentration in straw was explained by the plant-available Si in soils, rice-growing environments, N application rates, and mineralizable N in soils. The regression model indicated that improvement of plant-available Si in soils could increase the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.043% per mg kg−1, while external N application lowered the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.0068% per kg N ha−1 input. This extensive survey revealed that low Si nutrient status was widely observed for rice as associated with limited plant-available Si in the SSA soils. The probability of Si deficiency can be increased with abundant N application and non-submerged field conditions. By focusing on these Si-deficient field conditions, further studies should quantify the relationship between Si-nutrient status and occurrence of environmental stresses such as blast infection so as to develop appropriate Si-management practices for rice production in SSA. 2014-01 2021-12-06T12:34:05Z 2021-12-06T12:34:05Z Journal Article Tsujimoto, Y. Muranaka, S. Saito, K. Asai, H. Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa. Field Crops Research. 2013, Volume 155: 1-9. 0378-4290 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116546 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.10.003 en Copyrighted; all rights reserved Open Access p. 1-9 Elsevier Field Crops Research
institution CGIAR
collection DSpace
country Francia
countrycode FR
component Bibliográfico
access En linea
databasecode dig-cgspace
tag biblioteca
region Europa del Oeste
libraryname Biblioteca del CGIAR
language English
topic rice
straw
rice
straw
spellingShingle rice
straw
rice
straw
Tsujimoto, Y.
Muranaka, S.
Saito, Kazuki
Asai, H.
Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
description Rice is a specific silica-accumulator among higher plants. The Si in rice enhances resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The booming demand for rice in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires rapid increases in rice production, and hence more Si supply will be needed from soils, irrigation water, and external inputs. However, the current Si-nutrient status of rice plants and relevant factors has been so far paid little attention in the region. Therefore, an extensive survey was conducted for evaluating variability of Si concentration in rice straw in relation to soil properties, fertilizer management practices, and rice-growing environments across a wide range of local farmers’ fields in SSA. Plant and soil samples were collected at harvesting time from 99 fields in Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nigeria, and then chemically analyzed. The Si concentration in straw ranged 1.7–8.4%, and the values in 68% of the fields were below the critical deficiency level of 5%. The Si concentration in straw was most significantly correlated with the amounts of water-soluble Si in soils after 1-week anaerobic incubation at 40 °C (hereafter, plant-available Si). The plant-available Si was particularly low in the acidic soils of Highland and Humid Agro-ecological zones, mainly consisting of weathered Oxisols and Ultisols. The mean Si values were greatest in the order of irrigated lowland (5.3%) > rainfed lowland (4.3%) > upland (3.4%) among different rice-growing environments. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 59% of the variation in Si concentration in straw was explained by the plant-available Si in soils, rice-growing environments, N application rates, and mineralizable N in soils. The regression model indicated that improvement of plant-available Si in soils could increase the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.043% per mg kg−1, while external N application lowered the Si concentration in straw at a rate of 0.0068% per kg N ha−1 input. This extensive survey revealed that low Si nutrient status was widely observed for rice as associated with limited plant-available Si in the SSA soils. The probability of Si deficiency can be increased with abundant N application and non-submerged field conditions. By focusing on these Si-deficient field conditions, further studies should quantify the relationship between Si-nutrient status and occurrence of environmental stresses such as blast infection so as to develop appropriate Si-management practices for rice production in SSA.
format Journal Article
topic_facet rice
straw
author Tsujimoto, Y.
Muranaka, S.
Saito, Kazuki
Asai, H.
author_facet Tsujimoto, Y.
Muranaka, S.
Saito, Kazuki
Asai, H.
author_sort Tsujimoto, Y.
title Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
title_short Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed Limited Si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available Si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across Sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort limited si-nutrient status of rice plants in relation to plant-available si of soils, nitrogen fertilizer application, and rice-growing environments across sub-saharan africa
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2014-01
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116546
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.10.003
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