Effects of a large fishing closure on benthic communities in the western Gulf of Maine: recovery from the effects of gillnets and otter trawls

The recovery of benthic communities inside the western Gulfof Maine fishing closure area was evaluated by comparing invertebrate assemblages at sites inside and outside of the closure four to six years after the closure was established. The major restriction imposed by the closurewas a year-round prohibition of bottom gillnets and otter trawls. A total of 163 seafloor sites (~half inside and half outside the closure) within a 515-km2 study area were sampled with some combination of Shipek grab, Wildco box corer, or underwater video. Bottom types ranged from mud (silt and clay) to boulders, and the effects of the closure on univariate measures (total density, biomass, taxonomicrichness) of benthos varied widely among sediment types. For sites with predominantly mud sediments, there were mixed effects on inside and outside infauna and no effect onepifauna. For sites with mainly sand sediments, there were higher density, biomass, and taxonomic richness for infauna inside the closure, but no significant effects on epifauna. For sites dominated by gravel (which included boulders in some areas), there were no effects on infauna but strong effects on epifaunal density and taxonomic richness. For fishing gear, the data indicated that infauna recovered insand from the impacts of otter trawls operated inside the closure but that they did not recover in mud, and that epifauna recovered on gravel bottoms from the impact of gillnets used inside the closure. The magnitudes of impact and recovery, however, cannot be inferred directly from ourdata because of a confounding factor of different fishing intensities outside the closure for a direct comparison ofpreclosure and postclosure data. The overall negative impact of trawls is likely underestimated by our data,whereas the negative impact of gillnets is likely overestimated.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Grizzle, Raymond E., Ward, Larry G., Mayer, Larry A., Malik, Mashkoor A., Cooper, Andrew B., Abeels, Holly A., Greene, Jennifer K., Brodeur, Melissa A., Rosenberg, Andrew A.
Format:	article biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	Biology, Ecology, Fisheries,
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/1834/25436
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