Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms
Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness.
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Format: | book_section biblioteca |
Language: | English |
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Freshwater Biological Association
1994
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Subjects: | Biology, Environment, Pollution, Biomarkers, Toxicity, Aquatic organisms, Biological pollutants, Enzymes, Hydrocarbons, Mutagens, Pollutants, Animal diseases, Fish, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22821 |
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dig-aquadocs-1834-228212021-07-09T03:18:32Z Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms Water quality & stress indicators in marine and freshwater systems: linking levels of organisation Livingston, D.R. Förlin, L. George, S.G. Sutcliffe, D.W. Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness. 2021-06-24T16:04:55Z 2021-06-24T16:04:55Z 1994 book_section FALSE 0-900386-53-3 http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22821 en FBA Special Publications http://www.fba.org.uk/special-publications application/pdf application/pdf 154-171 Freshwater Biological Association Ambleside, UK http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5314 1256 2011-09-29 15:06:13 5314 Freshwater Biological Association |
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Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish |
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Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish Livingston, D.R. Förlin, L. George, S.G. Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
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Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness. |
author2 |
Sutcliffe, D.W. |
author_facet |
Sutcliffe, D.W. Livingston, D.R. Förlin, L. George, S.G. |
format |
book_section |
topic_facet |
Biology Environment Pollution Biomarkers Toxicity Aquatic organisms Biological pollutants Enzymes Hydrocarbons Mutagens Pollutants Animal diseases Fish |
author |
Livingston, D.R. Förlin, L. George, S.G. |
author_sort |
Livingston, D.R. |
title |
Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
title_short |
Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
title_full |
Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
title_fullStr |
Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
title_sort |
molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms |
publisher |
Freshwater Biological Association |
publishDate |
1994 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22821 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT livingstondr molecularbiomarkersandtoxicconsequencesofimpactbyorganicpollutioninaquaticorganisms AT forlinl molecularbiomarkersandtoxicconsequencesofimpactbyorganicpollutioninaquaticorganisms AT georgesg molecularbiomarkersandtoxicconsequencesofimpactbyorganicpollutioninaquaticorganisms AT livingstondr waterqualitystressindicatorsinmarineandfreshwatersystemslinkinglevelsoforganisation AT forlinl waterqualitystressindicatorsinmarineandfreshwatersystemslinkinglevelsoforganisation AT georgesg waterqualitystressindicatorsinmarineandfreshwatersystemslinkinglevelsoforganisation |
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1756077681728815104 |