Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro.
Parasites require at least one host to survive and cause some damage to it. Host-parasite interactions occur in many different ways, which makes this difficult relationship to be modeled or approached from the point of view of ecological general theories and hypotheses. Top-down and bottom-up mechanisms for example are widely used to describe trophic effects in community ecology. The parasite-host interactions are configured much like the predator-prey relationships in which parasites act as predators and appropriate host resources, which act as prey. In this thesis the host-parasite interaction is addressed from the top-down/bottom-up perspective in order to consider the relationship between weight and body length (body condition) as a parameter to evaluate the host welfare, and correlate such measure with the biomass of parasites. This new approach predicts that interactions can be mediated by resources for the parasite or by the immunity of the host. To illustrate such approach, a case study investigates the correlation between abundance of endoparasites and the relative condition factor of 15 species of fish of different trophic guilds sampled over 13 years in the Upper Parana River floodplain. The positive correlation observed for all guilds can be attributed to both external factors such as high food availability for the hosts, which in turn provide quality resources for the parasites, as to whether hosts with better body condition have a higher tolerance parasitism. Under other ecological perspective, the Enemy Escape Hypothesis justifies the potential success in the introduction of species process the loss of their natural predators and parasites. Thus, another objective of this study was to compare the parasitic fauna of the gills of Plagioscion squamosissimus in rivers where it is native and rivers where it is introduced from the point of view of this hypothesis. To this end, host of specimens of each river were analyzed and the total wealth of parasites in native basins was significantly higher than in basins introduced, suggesting that during the introduction process the fish species lost most of their gill parasites. The fact that the parasites do not necessarily colonize successfully new areas has shown one more factor contributing to the success of the establishment of non-native fish species into new regions.
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Format: | Thesis/Dissertation biblioteca |
Language: | Portuguese |
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Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
2015
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Subjects: | Biological invasion, Neotropical floodplain, Brazil, Parasitism, Invasões biológicas, Teoria, Ecologia parasitária, Ciências Ambientais, Brasil, Parasitismo, Interação parasito-hospedeiro, Teoria trófica, Framework, Theory, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1834/10068 |
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Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory |
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Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory Karling, Letícia Cucolo Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
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Parasites require at least one host to survive and cause some damage to it. Host-parasite interactions occur in many different ways, which makes this difficult relationship to be modeled or approached from the point of view of ecological general theories and hypotheses. Top-down and bottom-up mechanisms for example are widely used to describe trophic effects in community ecology. The parasite-host interactions are configured much like the predator-prey relationships in which parasites act as predators and appropriate host resources, which act as prey. In this thesis the host-parasite interaction is addressed from the top-down/bottom-up perspective in order to consider the relationship between weight and body length (body condition) as a parameter to evaluate the host welfare, and correlate such measure with the biomass of parasites. This new approach predicts that interactions can be mediated by resources for the parasite or by the immunity of the host. To illustrate such approach, a case study investigates the correlation between abundance of endoparasites and the relative condition factor of 15 species of fish of different trophic guilds sampled over 13 years in the Upper Parana River floodplain. The positive correlation observed for all guilds can be attributed to both external factors such as high food availability for the hosts, which in turn provide quality resources for the parasites, as to whether hosts with better body condition have a higher tolerance parasitism. Under other ecological perspective, the Enemy Escape Hypothesis justifies the potential success in the introduction of species process the loss of their natural predators and parasites. Thus, another objective of this study was to compare the parasitic fauna of the gills of Plagioscion squamosissimus in rivers where it is native and rivers where it is introduced from the point of view of this hypothesis. To this end, host of specimens of each river were analyzed and the total wealth of parasites in native basins was significantly higher than in basins introduced, suggesting that during the introduction process the fish species lost most of their gill parasites. The fact that the parasites do not necessarily colonize successfully new areas has shown one more factor contributing to the success of the establishment of non-native fish species into new regions. |
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Thesis/Dissertation |
topic_facet |
Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory |
author |
Karling, Letícia Cucolo |
author_facet |
Karling, Letícia Cucolo |
author_sort |
Karling, Letícia Cucolo |
title |
Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
title_short |
Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
title_full |
Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
title_fullStr |
Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
title_sort |
enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. |
publisher |
Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais. |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1834/10068 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT karlingleticiacucolo enfatizandoaecologianasinteracoesparasitohospedeiro AT karlingleticiacucolo emphasizingtheecologyintheparasitehostinteraction |
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dig-aquadocs-1834-100682022-05-19T20:37:12Z Enfatizando a ecologia nas interações parasito-hospedeiro. Emphasizing the ecology in the parasite-host interaction. Karling, Letícia Cucolo Biological invasion Neotropical floodplain Brazil Parasitism Invasões biológicas Teoria, Ecologia parasitária Ciências Ambientais Brasil Parasitismo Interação parasito-hospedeiro Teoria trófica Framework Theory Parasites require at least one host to survive and cause some damage to it. Host-parasite interactions occur in many different ways, which makes this difficult relationship to be modeled or approached from the point of view of ecological general theories and hypotheses. Top-down and bottom-up mechanisms for example are widely used to describe trophic effects in community ecology. The parasite-host interactions are configured much like the predator-prey relationships in which parasites act as predators and appropriate host resources, which act as prey. In this thesis the host-parasite interaction is addressed from the top-down/bottom-up perspective in order to consider the relationship between weight and body length (body condition) as a parameter to evaluate the host welfare, and correlate such measure with the biomass of parasites. This new approach predicts that interactions can be mediated by resources for the parasite or by the immunity of the host. To illustrate such approach, a case study investigates the correlation between abundance of endoparasites and the relative condition factor of 15 species of fish of different trophic guilds sampled over 13 years in the Upper Parana River floodplain. The positive correlation observed for all guilds can be attributed to both external factors such as high food availability for the hosts, which in turn provide quality resources for the parasites, as to whether hosts with better body condition have a higher tolerance parasitism. Under other ecological perspective, the Enemy Escape Hypothesis justifies the potential success in the introduction of species process the loss of their natural predators and parasites. Thus, another objective of this study was to compare the parasitic fauna of the gills of Plagioscion squamosissimus in rivers where it is native and rivers where it is introduced from the point of view of this hypothesis. To this end, host of specimens of each river were analyzed and the total wealth of parasites in native basins was significantly higher than in basins introduced, suggesting that during the introduction process the fish species lost most of their gill parasites. The fact that the parasites do not necessarily colonize successfully new areas has shown one more factor contributing to the success of the establishment of non-native fish species into new regions. Parasitos necessitam de pelo menos um hospedeiro para sobreviver e provocam algum custo ao mesmo. Interações parasito-hospedeiro ocorrem de inúmeras maneiras, o que torna essa relação difícil de ser modelada ou abordada sob o ponto de vista de teorias e hipóteses gerais de ecologia. O mecanismo top-down/bottom-up, por exemplo, e amplamente utilizado para descrever efeitos tróficos em ecologia de comunidades. As interações parasito-hospedeiro se configuram de forma muito semelhante as relações predador-presa, nas quais parasitos atuam como predadores e se apropriam de recursos dos hospedeiros, que por sua vez atuam como presas. A interação parasito-hospedeiro e abordada sob a perspectiva do mecanismo top-down/bottom-up de modo a considerar a relação entre peso e comprimento do corpo (condição do corpo) como um parâmetro para avaliação do bem-estar do hospedeiro, e correlacionar tal medida com a biomassa de parasitos. Essa nova abordagem trófica prediz que interações podem ser mediadas por recursos para o parasito ou pela imunidade dos hospedeiros. A fim de exemplificar esta abordagem, um estudo de caso investiga a correlação entre a abundancia de endoparasitos e a condição do corpo de 15 espécies de peixes de diferentes guildas tróficas amostradas ao longo de 13 anos na planície de inundação do alto Rio Paraná. A correlação positiva observada para todas as guildas pode ser atribuída tanto a fatores externos como alta disponibilidade de alimento para os hospedeiros, que por sua vez oferecem recursos de qualidade para os parasitos, quanto ao fato de hospedeiros com melhor condição do corpo apresentar maior tolerância ao parasitismo. Sob outra perspectiva ecológica, a Hipótese do Escape do Inimigo justifica o potencial sucesso no processo de introdução de espécies pela perda de seus parasitos e predadores naturais. Comparou-se a fauna parasitaria de brânquias de Plagioscion squamosissimus de rios onde e nativa e de rios onde e introduzida sob ponto de vista dessa hipótese. Para isso, espécimes de hospedeiro de cada rio foram analisados e a riqueza total de parasitos nas bacias nativas foi expressivamente maior do que nas bacias onde os hospedeiros foram introduzidos, sugerindo que durante o processo de introdução a espécie de peixe perdeu a maioria de seus parasitos branquiais. O fato de os parasitos não necessariamente conseguir se estabelecer nas novas áreas configura uma vantagem a contribuir para o sucesso do estabelecimento de espécies de peixe não nativos em novas regiões. PhD 2017-08-24T08:47:19Z 2017-08-24T08:47:19Z 2015 Thesis/Dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/1834/10068 pt http://nou-rau.uem.br/nou-rau/document/?code=vtls000218272 http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/5025 69pp. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais. |