Is classical biological control viable in large scale forest plantations?

The forest plantations (Eucalyptus, Pinus) have low biodiversity, increasing risks of pest outbreaks and difficulting biological control, mainly in Eucalyptus plantations due to short rotation (6-7 years). The last two decades had a substantial increase in the introduction of exotic pests, mainly to Eucalyptus. The strategy to manage these pests is only Classical Biological Control (CBC) wit the introduction of specific parasitoids from Australia. In Brazil, the use of Cleruchoides noackae x Thaumastocoris peregrinus in Eucalyptus and Xenostigmus bifasciatus x Cinara atlantica in Pinus had succesand that of Psyllaephagus bliteus x Glycaspis brimblecombei success and Anaphes nitens x Gonipterus platensis (parasitism decreasing since 2012 in SP and Parana States) partial success Selitrichodes neseri x Leptocybe invasa is under evaluation. The forest plantations have the advantages of receiving fewer spraying of chemical insecticides; maintenance of native forest in 25 to 30% of the total area in Brazil and understory, which promoting refuge areas; fast establishment of natural enemies in tropical and subtropical regions; few intense silvicultural procedures and better acceptance to CBC due to forest certifications systems. The main constraints are farmers without full information access on new exotic pests and to CBC programs; regulatory rules increasingly harder; slow parasitoid production in laboratory conditions; difficult field releasing in large areas; complicated logistic to shipping natural enemies in distant areas; lack of governmental programs and funds to implement them.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	WILCKEN, C. F., BARBOSA, L. R., SA, L. A. N. de, ZANUNCIO, J. C.
Other Authors:	C. F. WILCKEN, FCA/UNESP; LEONARDO RODRIGUES BARBOSA, CNPF; LUIZ ALEXANDRE NOGUEIRA DE SA, CNPMA; J. C. ZANUNCIO, UFV.
Format:	Separatas biblioteca
Language:	pt_BR pt_BR
Published:	2019-12-12
Subjects:	Controle Biológico,
Online Access:	http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1116793
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