Soil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico
Soil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods. This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management.
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Soil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods. This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management. |
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Química de suelos Análisis de suelos Metodología científica Manuales de laboratorio |
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Rayment, George E. autor Lyons, David J. autor |
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Rayment, George E. autor Lyons, David J. autor |
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Rayment, George E. autor |
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Soil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico |
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Soil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico |
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Soil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico |
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Soil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico |
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soil chemical methods - australasia libro electrónico |
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Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Csiro Publishing |
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KOHA-OAI-ECOSUR:630182022-10-25T18:31:16ZSoil chemical methods - australasia Libro electrónico Rayment, George E. autor Lyons, David J. autor textMelbourne, Victoria, Australia Csiro Publishingc2011engSoil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods. This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management.Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 482-495Preface and acknowledgements.. About the authors.. Abbreviations and acronyms.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Sampling, preparation and moisture content.. Soil sampling, transport and preparation.. Soil moisture content.. 2A1 Air-dry moisture content.. 2B1 As received moisture content.. 2C1 Moisture content – 10 mm tension.. 2D1 Moisture content – approximate saturation paste.. 3. Electrical conductivity, related attributes and redox potential.. 3A1 Electrical conductivity (EC) of 1:5 soil/water extract.. 3B1 Estimated soluble salt concentration.. 3C1 Estimated soil ionic strength.. 3D1 Redox potential (Eh; field).. 4. Soil pH.. 4A1 pH of 1:5 soil/water suspension.. 4A2 pH of 1:1 soil/water suspension.. 4A3 pH of 1:2.5 soil/water suspension.. 4B1 pH of 1:5 soil/0.01 M calcium chloride extract – direct (without stirring during measurement).. 4B2 pH of 1:5 soil/0.01 M calcium chloride extract – following method 4A1 (without stirring during measurement).. 4B3 pH of 1:5 soil/0.01 M calcium chloride extract – direct (with stirring during measurement).. 4B4 pH of 1:5 soil/0.01 M calcium chloride extract – following method 4A1 (with stirring during measurement).. 4B5 pH of 1:5 soil/0.01 M calcium chloride extract equivalent, by MIR reflectance spectroscopy.. 4C1 pH of 1:5 soil/1 M potassium chloride extract – direct (without stirring during measurement).. 4C2 pH of 1:5 soil/1 M potassium chloride extract – following method 4A1 (without stirring during measurement).. 4C3 pH of 1:5 soil/1 M potassium chloride extract – direct (with stirring during measurement).. 4C4 pH of 1:5 soil/1 M potassium chloride extract – following method 4A1 (with stirring during measurement).. 4D1 pH of sodium fluoride suspension and ‘reactivity class’.. 4E1 pH of hydrogen peroxide extract.. 4F1 δ pH.. 4G1 Field determination of pH.. 5. Soluble chloride.. 5A1 Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, potentiometric titration.. 5A2a Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, automated colour.. 5A2b Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, FIA.. 5A3a Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, ion chromatography (chemical suppression of eluent conductivity).. 5A3b Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, ion chromatography (single-column with electronic suppression of eluent conductivity).. 5A4 Chloride – 1:5 soil/water extract, ICPAES.. 6. Carbon.. 6A1 Organic C – W&B.. 6B1 Total organic C – Heanes wet oxidation.. 6B2 Total organic C – Dumas high-temperature combustion.. 6B2a Total organic C – Dumas high-temperature combustion, volumetric (no soil pretreatment).. 6B2b Total organic C – Dumas high-temperature combustion, infrared/thermal conductivity detection (no soil pretreatment).. 6B3 Total organic C – Dumas high-temperature combustion, infrared/thermal conductivity detection (with prior physical removal of charcoal and chemical removal of carbonates).. 6B4 Total organic C – infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 6B4a Total organic C – NIR reflectance spectroscopy.. 6B4b Total organic C – MIR reflectance spectroscopy.. 6C1 Particulate organic C (POC).. 6D1 Pyrophosphate-extractable C.. 6E1 Potassium permanganate oxidisable C (PPOC).. 6F1 Charcoal-C.. 6G1 Total organic matter, organic C, and carbonate by loss-on-ignition.. 7. Nitrogen.. 7A1 Total soil-N, semi micro Kjeldahl – steam distillation.. 7A2a Total soil-N, semi micro Kjeldahl – automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 7A2b Total soil-N, semi micro Kjeldahl – automated colour, FIA.. 7A3 Total soil-N (where nitrate >20 mg N/kg) – steam distillation.. 7A4 Total-N (where nitrate >20 mg N/kg) – automated colour, continuous segmented flow/FIA.. 7A5 Total soil-N – Dumas high-temperature combustion.. 7A6 Total soil-N – infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 7A6a Total Soil-N – NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 7A6b Total soil-N – MIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 7B Water-soluble nitrate-N.. 7B1a Water-soluble nitrate-N – automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 7B1b Water-soluble nitrate-N – automated colour, FIA.. 7B2 Water-soluble nitrate-N – ion chromatography.. 7C1 Mineral-N – 2 M KCl, steam distillation.. 7C1a Ammonium-N (in presence or absence of nitrite) – steam distillation.. 7C1b (Nitrate + Nitrite)-N – steam distillation.. 7C1c (Ammonium + Nitrate + Nitrite)-N – steam distillation.. 7C1d (Ammonium + Nitrate)-N, in presence of nitrite – steam distillation.. 7C1e Nitrate-N, in presence of nitrite – steam distillation.. 7C1f Nitrate-N, in absence of nitrite – steam distillation.. 7C1g (Ammonium + Nitrate)-N, in absence of nitrite – steam distillation.. 7C1h Nitrite-N – steam distillation.. 7C2a Mineral-N – 2 M KCl, automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 7C2b Mineral-N – 2 M KCl, automated colour, FIA.. 7D Potentially mineralisable N (PMN).. 7D1a Potentially mineralisable N, hot-KCl extraction (PMNKCl) – automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 7D1b Potentially mineralisable N, hot-KCl extraction (PMNKCl) – automated colour, FIA.. 7D1c Potentially mineralisable N, hot-KCl extraction (PMNKCl) – NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 7D2a Potentially mineralisable N, anaerobic incubation – automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 7D2b Potentially mineralisable N, anaerobic incubation – automated colour, FIA.. 8. Carbon/nitrogen ratio.. 8A1 Total organic carbon/total nitrogen ratio.. 8B1 Organic carbon – W&B/total nitrogen ratio..9. Phosphorus.. 9A Total P.. 9A1 Total P – X-ray fluorescence.. 9A2 Total P – sodium carbonate fusion.. 9A3a Kjeldahl P (KP) – automated colour, FIA/continuous segmented flow.. 9A3b Kjeldahl P (KP) – ICPAES.. 9B Bicarbonate-extractable P (Colwell-P).. 9B1 Bicarbonate-extractable P (Colwell-P) – manual colour.. 9B2 Bicarbonate-extractable P (Colwell-P) – automated colour, continuous segmented flow/FIA.. 9C Olsen-extractable P (Olsen-P).. 9C1 Olsen-extractable P (Olsen-P) – manual colour.. 9C2a Olsen-extractable P (Olsen-P) – automated colour, continuous segmented flow.. 9C2b Olsen-extractable P (Olsen-P) – automated colour, FIA.. 9D1 Lactate-extractable P (Lactate-P) – manual colour.. 9E Fluoride-extractable P (Bray 1-P).. 9E1 Fluoride-extractable P (Bray 1-P) – manual colour.. 9E2 Fluoride-extractable P (Bray 1-P) – continuous segmented flow/FIA automated colour.. 9F1 Calcium chloride-extractable P – manual colour.. 9F2 Calcium chloride-extractable P – continuous segmented flow/FIA automated colour.. 9G1 Acid-extractable P (BSES-P) – manual colour.. 9G2 Acid-extractable P (BSES-P) – continuous segmented flow/FIA automated colour.. 9H1 Anion Storage Capacity (previously P Retention).. 9I Phosphate Indices.. 9I1 Phosphate Sorption Index.. 9I2a P buffer index – PBI+ColP – Murphy and Riley.. 9I2b P buffer index – PBI+ColP – ICPAES.. 9I2c P buffer index – PBI+ColP – Vanadate.. 9I3a P buffer index – PBI+OlsenP – Murphy and Riley.. 9I3b P buffer index – PBI+OlsenP – ICPAES.. 9I3c P buffer index – PBI+OlsenP – Vanadate.. 9I4a P buffer index – PBIunadj – Murphy and Riley.. 9I4b P buffer index – PBIunadj – ICPAES.. 9I4c P buffer index – PBIunadj – Vanadate.. 9J Phosphate sorption curve.. 9J1 Phosphate sorption curve – manual colour.. 9J2 Phosphate sorption curve – continuous segmented flow/FIA automated colour.. 9K Environmental soil P tests.. 9K1a Mehlich 3-P saturation ratio (M3PSRcolour) [colorimetric estimate of P] .. 9K1b Mehlich 3-P saturation ratio (M3PSRICPAES) [ICPAES estimate of P].. 9K2 Colwell-P/PBI+ColP ratio.. 10. Sulfur.. 10A1 Total S – X-ray fluorescence.. 10A2 Total soil S – high-temperature combustion.. 10B Calcium phosphate-extractable S.. 10B1 Calcium phosphate-extractable S – manual distillation.. 10B2 Calcium phosphate-extractable S – automated distillation.. 10B3 Calcium phosphate-extractable S – ICPAES.. 10B4 Calcium phosphate-extractable S – ion chromatography.. 10C1 Calcium phosphate-extractable S – ICPAES, + charcoal (CPC-S) .. 10D1 Potassium Chloride – 40 Sulfur (KCl-40)-S.. 11. Gypsum.. 11A1 Total gypsum.. 11A2 Total gypsum by MIR reflectance spectroscopy.. 12. Micronutrients.. 12A1 DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe.. 12B1 Ammonium bicarbonate/EDTA-extractable Cu and Zn.. 12C1 Calcium chloride-extractable B – manual colour.. 12C2 Calcium chloride-extractable B – ICPAES.. 12D1 0.1 M HCl-extractable Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe.. 12E1 Calcium chloride-extractable Mo.. 13. Extractable iron, aluminium and silicon.. 13A1 Oxalate-extractable iron, aluminium and silicon.. 13B1 Pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al.. 13C1 Citrate/dithionite-extractable iron and aluminium.. 13D Acid-extractable soil silicon.. 13D1 Acid-extractable soil silicon – automated colour.. 13D2 Acid-extractable soil silicon – ICPAES.. 14. Saturation extracts.. 14A1 Saturation extract – filter suction.. 14A2 Saturation extract – automatic extractor.. 14A3 Saturation extract – centrifuge, closed system.. 14A4 Saturation extract – centrifuge, Gillman.. 14B1 Electrical conductivity/SE (EC/SE).. 14C1 pH/SE.. 14D1 Bicarbonate/SE and carbonate/SE – potentiometric titration.. 14D2 Bicarbonate/SE and carbonate/SE – indicator method.. 14E1 Chloride/SE – potentiometric titration.. 14E2a Chloride/SE – IC (chemical suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14E2b Chloride/SE – IC (single-column with electronic suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14E3 Chloride/SE – ICPAES.. 14F1 Sulfate-S/SE – ICPAES (plus P and soluble cations).. 14F2 Sulfate-S/SE – turbidimetric.. 14F3 Sulfate-S/SE – gravimetric.. 14F4 Sulfate-S/SE – automated colour.. 14F5a Sulfate-S/SE – IC (chemical suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14F5b Sulfate-S/SE – IC (single-column with electronic suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14G1 Fluoride/SE – specific ion electrode.. 14G2a Fluoride/SE – IC (chemical suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14G2b Fluoride/SE – IC (single-column with electronic suppression of eluent conductivity).. 14H1 Soluble bases/SE (Ca, Mg, K, Na).. 15. Ion-exchange properties.. 15A1 Exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) – 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, no pre-treatment for soluble salts.. v15A2 Exchangeable bases by 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15A3 Exchangeable bases – 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, adjusted for soluble Na+.. 15B1 Exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity – 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, no pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15B2 Exchangeable bases and CEC – 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15B3 Exchangeable bases and CEC – 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 7.0, adjusted for soluble Na+.. 15C1 Exchangeable bases and CEC – alcoholic 1 M ammonium chloride at pH 8.5, pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15C2 Exchangeable divalent cations and CEC – by MIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.. 15D1 Exchangeable bases and CEC – 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0, pre-treatment for soluble salts, manual leach.. 15D2 Exchangeable bases and CEC – 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0, pre-treatment for soluble salts, automatic extractor.. 15D3 Exchangeable bases – 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0, rapid method with no pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15E1 Exchangeable bases, CEC and anion exchange capacity by compulsive exchange, no pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15E2 Exchangeable bases, CEC and AEC by compulsive exchange, pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15E3 Exchangeable bases, CEC and AEC by compulsive exchange, adjusted for soluble Na+.. 15F1 Exchangeable bases by 0.01 M silver-thiourea (AgTU+) – no pre-treatment for soluble salts.. 15F2 Exchangeable aluminium by 0.01 M AgTU+.. 15F3 Cation exchange capacity by 0.01 M AgTU+ [CECAgTU].. 15G1 Exchange acidity (H+ + Al3+) by 1 M potassium chloride.. 15H1 Exchange acidity by triethanolamine (TEA).. 15I1 Cation exchange capacity measurement – distillation of NH4+.. 15I2 Cation exchange capacity measurement – automated determination of NH4+.. 15I3 Cation exchange capacity measurement – automated determination of NH4+ and Cl−.. 15I4 Cation exchange capacity measurement – titration of NH4+ and Cl−.. 15J1 Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC).. 15K1 Cation exchange capacity – pH 8.2 (CECpH 8.2) .. 15L1 Base saturation percentage (BSP).. 15M1 Basic cation saturation ratios.. 15N1 Exchangeable Na+ percentage (ESP) .. 15O1 Percent Al saturation..16. Lime requirement.. 16A1 Calculated lime rate – from exchangeable Al3+.. 16B1 Calculated lime rate – Cregan.. 16C1 Lime requirement – Mehlich single buffer.. 16D1 Lime requirement – Dunn titration curves.. 17. Total miscellaneous elements.. 17A1 Total elemental analysis of soils and sediments – X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.. 17A2 Total elemental analysis of soils and sediments – microwave assisted digestion, with determination by atomic spectroscopy.. 17B1 Pseudo-total elemental analysis of soils and sediments – reverse aqua regia block digestion with determination by atomic spectroscopy.. 17B2 Pseudo-total elements in soils and sediments – reverse aqua regia microwave assisted digestion of sludges, soils and sediments, with determination by atomic spectroscopy.. 17C1 Pseudo-total elements of soils and sediments – conventional aqua regia block digestion and determination by atomic spectroscopy.. 18. Miscellaneous extractable elements.. 18A1 Bicarbonate-extractable K+.. 18B1 Hydrochloric acid-extractable K+.. 18C1 Boiling 1.0 M nitric acid-extractable K+.. 18D1 0.1 M calcium chloride-extractable Cd.. 18E1 0.01 M calcium chloride-extractable Cd.. 18F Mehlich 3 multi-element tests.. 18F1 Mehlich 3-extractable elements (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, S, Al).. 18F2 Mehlich 3 Extractable P – colour finish.. 18G1 Reserve soil K+ by copper-modified sodium tetraphenylboron extraction (TBK4h).. 19. Alkaline earth carbonates.. 19A1 Carbonates – rapid titration.. 19B Carbonates by pressure change.. 19B1 Carbonates by pressure change – manometric.. 19B2 Carbonates by pressure change – transducer.. 19C1 Spot field test for the presence of soil carbonates with dilute HCl.. 19D1 Field test for soil carbonates with dilute HCl and effervescence class assessment.. 20. Acid sulfate soils.. 20A1 Chromium reducible S (SCR).. 20B1 SPOCAS acid trail – titratable actual acidity (TAA).. 20C1 SPOCAS acid trail – titratable peroxide acidity (TPA) and Net (excess) Acid Neutralising Capacity (a-ANCE).. 20D1 1 M KCl-extractable S, Ca and Mg.. 20E1 1 M KCl-extractable S, Ca and Mg after peroxide oxidation.. 20F1 Sulfur – 4 M HCl extraction (SHCl), ICPAES finish.. 20F2 Sulfur – 4 M HCl extraction (SHCl), ion chromatography finish.. 20G1 Peroxide residual acid soluble sulfur (SRAS).. 20H1 Acid neutralising capacity – acid reacted and back titration (ANCBT).. 20I1 Acid neutralising capacity – from SPOCAS.. 20J1 Field approximation of ASS hazard.. 20K1 Quick field approximations of ASS presence and associated lime requirement for drain-spoil.. Reporting of results.. Accuracy and precision of methods.. Acids and guidelines for their dilution.. Table of selected atomic weights (2007).. Units and conversion factors.. IndexSoil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods. This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management.Subscripción a EBSCOQuímica de suelosAnálisis de suelosMetodología científicaManuales de laboratoriohttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=353570URN:ISBN:064306768XURN:ISBN:9780643067684Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso |