Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity
The question of why ecologically damaging modern agricultural techniques continue to be used and developed even when viable non damaging techniques are available is addressed. It is argued that agriculture has evolved because of the way in which the focus has been on the cultivation of crops that are increasingly uniform and therefore vulnerable. The causes of this process are explained in theoretical terms and through case studies of hybrid maize in the USA and the Green Revolution in Mexico. These reveal that the preference for the path of genetic uniformity involved both more and less conscious choices to exclude more genetically diverse alternatives. The current biotechnology revolution, and its anticipated effects, are discussed.
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Great Britain Dominic Hogg 2000
2000
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| Subjects: | Innovación agrícola, Agricultura sostenible, Agroecología, |
| Online Access: | https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780333981252 |
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Innovación agrícola Agricultura sostenible Agroecología Innovación agrícola Agricultura sostenible Agroecología |
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The question of why ecologically damaging modern agricultural techniques continue to be used and developed even when viable non damaging techniques are available is addressed. It is argued that agriculture has evolved because of the way in which the focus has been on the cultivation of crops that are increasingly uniform and therefore vulnerable. The causes of this process are explained in theoretical terms and through case studies of hybrid maize in the USA and the Green Revolution in Mexico. These reveal that the preference for the path of genetic uniformity involved both more and less conscious choices to exclude more genetically diverse alternatives. The current biotechnology revolution, and its anticipated effects, are discussed. |
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Innovación agrícola Agricultura sostenible Agroecología |
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Hogg, Dominic autor |
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Hogg, Dominic autor |
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Hogg, Dominic autor |
| title |
Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity |
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Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity |
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Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity |
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Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity |
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Technological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity |
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technological change in agriculture. locking in to genetic uniformity |
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Great Britain Dominic Hogg 2000 |
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2000 |
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https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780333981252 |
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KOHA-OAI-ECOSUR:602692023-03-02T19:03:14ZTechnological change in agriculture. Locking in to genetic uniformity Hogg, Dominic autor textGreat Britain Dominic Hogg 20002000eng The question of why ecologically damaging modern agricultural techniques continue to be used and developed even when viable non damaging techniques are available is addressed. It is argued that agriculture has evolved because of the way in which the focus has been on the cultivation of crops that are increasingly uniform and therefore vulnerable. The causes of this process are explained in theoretical terms and through case studies of hybrid maize in the USA and the Green Revolution in Mexico. These reveal that the preference for the path of genetic uniformity involved both more and less conscious choices to exclude more genetically diverse alternatives. The current biotechnology revolution, and its anticipated effects, are discussed.Incluye bibliografía: páginas 253-289 e índice: páginas 290-296List of Tables and Figures.. Preface and Postscript.. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.. 1 Genetic Diversity in Agriculture: Its Rise, Fall and Significance.. The Rise and Fall of Genetic Diversity in Agriculture.. The Development of Diversity.. Agricultural Technologies as Experiments.. Diversity in Decline.. The Risks of Genetic Uniformity.. Is High-External-Input Agriculture the Only Way to Feed the World?.. Introduction.. Comparing Farming Systems.. Schools of Alternative Agriculture.. Performance of Alternatives – the Benefits of Diversity.. Conclusion.. 2 Technological Change in Agriculture: Orthodox Views.. Introduction.. Classical Economists and Marxism.. Boserup’s ‘Conditions of Agricultural Growth’.. Outline of Boserup’s Theory.. Criticisms of Boserup’s Theory.. Induced Innovation Theory.. Outline of the Theory.. Problems of Definition.. The Internal Logic of Induced Innovation.. Untestable Hypotheses.. Power, Vested Interests and Efficiency.. Agriculture, Environment, Efficiency and Resource Use.. Information: Its Availability and Flow.. Conclusion.. 3 The Determinants of the Path of Technological Change in Agriculture: An Unorthodox View.. Introduction.. Evolutionary Economics and the Study of Technical Change.. Schumpeter and the Revival in Evolutionary Economics.. Variation, Selection and Inheritance.. Co-evolution.. Fitness Landscapes.. Technological Trajectories, Regimes and Paradigms.. Increasing Returns, Path-Dependence and Lock-in.. Formal Agricultural Research.. Science, Experimentation and Technology.. The Dominant Mode in Formal Agricultural Research.. Crop Ideotypes and Technological Interrelatedness.. A Selection Pressure Model of Technological Change.. Conclusion.. 4 Beyond Orthodoxy: Locking in to Genetic Uniformity.. Introduction.. Factors Influencing the Work of Formal Agricultural Research Organisations.. Organisational Framework.. Internal Characteristics of Organisations.. Problem Choice (Organisation).. Problem Choice (Individual) and Methodology.. Extension and Use of Innovation.. The BCM Treadmill – Causes of Lock-In and Lock-Out.. The Treadmill.. Institutions Governing Transactions.. Breeding for Mechanisation.. Institutions Governing Seed Use and Trade.. Institutions Governing Use and Trade of Agrochemicals.. Malthus Again – More and Better Food.. Conclusion.. Introduction to Case-Studies.. 5 Hybrid Corn in the United States, 1900–1935.. Introduction.. Hybrid Maize in Context.. The State of US Agriculture.. The State of the Seed Industry.. Corn Seed in the Nineteenth Century.. Science and the Farmer, 1840–1930.. The Rise of Mendelism and Genetics: The Professionalisation of Plant Breeding.. The Rediscovery of Mendel’s Work on Inheritance.. The Work of East and Shull.. Donald Jones and the Double-Cross.. Adaption and Adoption of Hybrid Corn by Scientists and Farmers.. Support for Hybrid Corn and its Regional Adaptation.. Alternatives to Hybrids.. From Corn Shows to Yield Tests.. Farmers’ Adoption of Hybrid Corn.. Implications for Diversity.. Conclusion.. 6 The Road to Mexico’s Green Revolution: Maize Research, 1940–55.. Introduction.. The Genesis of the Programme.. Why Philanthropy, and Why Mexico?.. US–Mexico Relations and Malthusian Arguments.. Philanthropy, Investment Promotion and Social Engineering.. Genes in the Bank.. Competing Approaches to Agricultural Development in Mexico.. Introduction.. Moulding the MAP.. Hybrids or Open-Pollinated Varieties?.. Carl Sauer in Mexico.. Indigenous Agricultural Practices.. Conclusion.. 7 Biotechniques and the Neglect of Alternative Agriculture.. Introduction.. Genetic Resource Control in the 1970s and 1980s.. The Rescue of US Corn – The Benefits of Free Exchange.. Intellectual Property Rights and the Seed Industry.. The Challenge to the BCM Paradigm.. Sowing the Seeds of Discontent.. The Emergence of Agricultural Biotechnology and Patents on Life.. The Birth of iotechnology.. Patenting Genetic Materials.. TRIPS of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).. UPOV.. Biotechniques: Locking in to Uniformity.. Introduction.. Biotechniques – Old Wine in New Bottles or Paradigmatic Shift?.. Changing Modes.. A Future for Diversity?.. Alternative Agriculture, Alternatives to IPR.. Continuing Debates at the FAO: Recognition for Farmers’ Rights.. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).. Indigenous Peoples and IPR.. Conclusion.. 8 Conclusion.. Results.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.. Index The question of why ecologically damaging modern agricultural techniques continue to be used and developed even when viable non damaging techniques are available is addressed. It is argued that agriculture has evolved because of the way in which the focus has been on the cultivation of crops that are increasingly uniform and therefore vulnerable. The causes of this process are explained in theoretical terms and through case studies of hybrid maize in the USA and the Green Revolution in Mexico. These reveal that the preference for the path of genetic uniformity involved both more and less conscious choices to exclude more genetically diverse alternatives. The current biotechnology revolution, and its anticipated effects, are discussed.Innovación agrícolaAgricultura sostenibleAgroecologíahttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780333981252URN:ISBN:0312227515Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso |