Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled enterprise". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors. They differ from collectives in that they are generally built from the bottom-up, rather than the top-down. Cooperatives may include:* Worker cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who work there * Consumer cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who consume goods and/or services provided by the cooperative * Producer cooperatives: businesses where producers pool their output for their common benefit ** eg. Agricultural cooperatives * Purchasing cooperatives where members pool their purchasing power * Multi-stakeholder or hybrid cooperatives that share ownership between different stakeholder groups. For example, care cooperatives where ownership is shared between both care-givers and receivers. Stakeholders might also include non-profits or investors. * Second- and third-tier cooperatives whose members are other cooperatives * Platform cooperatives that use a cooperatively owned and governed website, mobile app or a protocol to facilitate the sale of goods and services.
The Research published by the Worldwatch Institute found that in 2012 approximately one billion people in 96 countries had become members of at least one cooperative. The turnover of the largest three hundred cooperatives in the world reached $2.2 trillion.
Worker cooperatives are typically more productive and economically resilient than many other forms of enterprise, with twice the number of co-operatives (80%) surviving their first five years compared with other business ownership models (44%) according to data from United Kingdom. The largest worker owned cooperative in the world, the Mondragon Corporation (founded by Catholic priest José María Arizmendiarrieta), has been in continuous operation since 1956.
Cooperatives frequently have social goals, which they aim to accomplish by investing a proportion of trading profits back into their communities. As an example of this, in 2013, retail co-operatives in the UK invested 6.9% of their pre-tax profits in the communities in which they trade, compared to 2.4% for rival supermarkets.
Since 2002, cooperatives have been distinguishable on the Internet through the use of a .coop domain. In 2014, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) introduced the Cooperative Marque, meaning ICA cooperatives and WOCCU credit unions can also be identified through a coop ethical consumerism label. Provided by Wikipedia
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2Texto bibliotecaFAO IT
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7by Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives
Published 2016-07-19T16:22:01ZbibliotecaCGIAR -
8by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
9by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
10by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
11by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
12by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
13by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
14by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
15by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
16by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
17by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
18by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
19by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR -
20by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya
Published 2021-09Report bibliotecaCGIAR