Democratic Republic of the Congo
![Arab slave raid on [[Nyangwe](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Nyangwe.jpg)
Centered on the Congo Basin, the territory of the DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about 3,000 years ago. In the west, the Kingdom of Kongo ruled around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. In the northeast, center, and east, the kingdoms of Azande, Luba, and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium formally acquired rights to the Congo territory from the colonial nations of Europe in 1885 and declared the land his private property, naming it the Congo Free State. From 1885 to 1908, his colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber and committed widespread atrocities. In 1908, Leopold ceded the territory, which thus became a Belgian colony.
Congo achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 and was immediately confronted by a series of secessionist movements, the assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, and the seizure of power by Mobutu Sese Seko in a 1965 coup d'état. Mobutu renamed the country Zaire in 1971 and imposed a harsh personalist dictatorship until his overthrow in 1997 by the First Congo War. The country then had its name changed back and was confronted by the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003, which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people. The war ended under President Joseph Kabila, who governed the country from 2001 to 2019 and under whom human rights in the country remained poor and included frequent abuses such as forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment and restrictions on civil liberties. Following the 2018 general election, in the country's first peaceful transition of power since independence, Kabila was succeeded as president by Félix Tshisekedi, who has served as president since. Since 2015, the Eastern DR Congo has been the site of an ongoing military conflict in Kivu.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has suffered from political instability, a lack of infrastructure, corruption, and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation, followed by more than 60 years of independence, with little widespread development. Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi, are both mining communities. The DRC's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of its exports in 2019. In 2021, DR Congo's level of human development was ranked 179th out of 191 countries by the Human Development Index and is classed as a least developed country by the UN. , following two decades of various civil wars and continued internal conflicts, around 600,000 Congolese refugees were still living in neighbouring countries. Two million children risk starvation, and the fighting has displaced 4.5 million people. The country is a member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, COMESA, Southern African Development Community, , and Economic Community of Central African States. Provided by Wikipedia
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6by Medeiros,F.F., Silva,A.M.A., Carneiro,H., Araújo,D.R.C., Morais,R.K.O., Moreira,M.N., Bezerra,L.R.
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7by Maligalig, B.B., Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, College, Laguna (Philippines) eng, National Bamboo Research and Development Symposium eng 14 Dec 1990 2 College, Laguna (Philippines), Saguin, D.R.C. (Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, College, Laguna (Philippines)), FAO, Rome (Italy). Forestry Dept. eng
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8by 88945 Macdicken, K.G., 116501 Sastry, C.B., 40068 Adams, N.R., 39486 (eds.), 66074 EVANS, J., 131893 Withington, D., 21075 Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, Arkansas (EUA), 7199 DRC, Ottawa (Canadá), 36349 Multipurpose tree species for small-farm use, Pattaya (Thailand), 2-5 Nov 1987bibliotecaIICA
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9by 88945 Macdicken, K.G., 116501 Sastry, C.B., 40047 Adams, C.R., 39486 (eds.), 123818 TEJWANI, K.G., 131893 Withington, D., 21075 Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development Arkansas (EUA), 7199 DRC, Ottawa (Canadá), 36349 Multipurpose tree species for small-farm use, Pattaya (Thailand), 2-5 Nov 1987bibliotecaIICA
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10by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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11by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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12by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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13by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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14by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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15Other Authors: “...DRC...”
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16by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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17by United Nations Environment Programme, Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)Other Authors: “...DRC...”
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18by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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19by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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20by United Nations Environment ProgrammeOther Authors: “...DRC...”
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