Sustainability
![sustainable development goals](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/SDG_wedding_cake.jpg)
Details around the economic dimension of sustainability are controversial. Scholars have discussed this under the concept of ''weak and strong sustainability''. For example, there will always be tension between the ideas of "welfare and prosperity for all" and environmental conservation, so trade-offs are necessary. It would be desirable to find ways that separate economic growth from harming the environment. This means using fewer resources per unit of output even while growing the economy. This decoupling reduces the environmental impact of economic growth, such as pollution. Doing this is difficult. Some experts say there is no evidence that such a decoupling is happening at the required scale.
It is challenging to measure sustainability as the concept is complex, contextual, and dynamic. Indicators have been developed to cover the environment, society, or the economy but there is no fixed definition of ''sustainability indicators''. The metrics are evolving and include indicators, benchmarks and audits. They include sustainability standards and certification systems like Fairtrade and Organic. They also involve indices and accounting systems such as corporate sustainability reporting and Triple Bottom Line accounting.
It is necessary to address many barriers to sustainability to achieve a ''sustainability transition''. Some barriers arise from nature and its complexity while others are ''extrinsic'' to the concept of sustainability. For example, they can result from the dominant institutional frameworks in countries.
Global issues of sustainability are difficult to tackle as they need global solutions. Existing global organizations such as the UN and WTO are seen as inefficient in enforcing current global regulations. One reason for this is the lack of suitable sanctioning mechanisms. Governments are not the only sources of action for sustainability. For example, business groups have tried to integrate ecological concerns with economic activity, seeking sustainable business. Religious leaders have stressed the need for caring for nature and environmental stability. Individuals can also live more sustainably.
Some people have criticized the idea of sustainability. One point of criticism is that the concept is vague and only a buzzword. Another is that sustainability might be an impossible goal. Some experts have pointed out that "no country is delivering what its citizens need without transgressing the biophysical planetary boundaries".
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21by United Nations Environment Programme, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, Varanasi Nagar Nigam
Published 2018Reports and Books bibliotecaONU -
22Texto bibliotecaFAO IT
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24by United Nations Human Settlement Programme, Local Governments for Sustainability, United Nations Environment Programme
Published 2009Manuals, Guides and Toolkits bibliotecaONU -
25by United Nations Environment Programme, International Network of Financial Centres for Sustainability (FC4S Network)
Published 2020Reports, Books and Booklets bibliotecaONU -
26Integrated crop protection : towards sustainability? proceedings of a syposium organised by the british crop protection council in association with sustainable farming systems held... Integrated crop protection : towards sustainability? proceedings of a syposium organised by the british crop protection council in association with sustainable farming systems held...by Symposium integrated crop protection: towards sustainability (11-14:1995: Edinburgh, Scotlan) 22770
Published 1995Texto bibliotecaCOLPOS -
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28by United Nations Environment Programme, Global Universities Partnership on Environment and Sustainability, Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges
Published 2016Booklets and Brochures bibliotecaONU -
29by Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Stockholm Resilience Centre of Stockholm University, ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Published 2012Reports and Books bibliotecaONU -
30by 21021 WAU-CATIE-MAG Collaborative Project, Guápiles (Costa Rica). Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture
Published 1999bibliotecaIICA -
31Research, action and policy addressing the gendered impacts of climate change Research, action and policy addressing the gendered impacts of climate changeby Alston, Margaret, Whittenbury, Kerri, Gender Leadership and Social Sustainability, Gender and Climate Change Conference 2011:
Published 2013Texto bibliotecaUBA FA -
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