Sustainability
![sustainable development goals](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/SDG_wedding_cake.jpg)
Details around the economic dimension of sustainability are controversial. Scholars have discussed this under the concept of ''weak and strong sustainability''. For example, there will always be tension between the ideas of "welfare and prosperity for all" and environmental conservation, so trade-offs are necessary. It would be desirable to find ways that separate economic growth from harming the environment. This means using fewer resources per unit of output even while growing the economy. This decoupling reduces the environmental impact of economic growth, such as pollution. Doing this is difficult. Some experts say there is no evidence that such a decoupling is happening at the required scale.
It is challenging to measure sustainability as the concept is complex, contextual, and dynamic. Indicators have been developed to cover the environment, society, or the economy but there is no fixed definition of ''sustainability indicators''. The metrics are evolving and include indicators, benchmarks and audits. They include sustainability standards and certification systems like Fairtrade and Organic. They also involve indices and accounting systems such as corporate sustainability reporting and Triple Bottom Line accounting.
It is necessary to address many barriers to sustainability to achieve a ''sustainability transition''. Some barriers arise from nature and its complexity while others are ''extrinsic'' to the concept of sustainability. For example, they can result from the dominant institutional frameworks in countries.
Global issues of sustainability are difficult to tackle as they need global solutions. Existing global organizations such as the UN and WTO are seen as inefficient in enforcing current global regulations. One reason for this is the lack of suitable sanctioning mechanisms. Governments are not the only sources of action for sustainability. For example, business groups have tried to integrate ecological concerns with economic activity, seeking sustainable business. Religious leaders have stressed the need for caring for nature and environmental stability. Individuals can also live more sustainably.
Some people have criticized the idea of sustainability. One point of criticism is that the concept is vague and only a buzzword. Another is that sustainability might be an impossible goal. Some experts have pointed out that "no country is delivering what its citizens need without transgressing the biophysical planetary boundaries".
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201Report of the first Regional Conference on the Sustainability of Fisheries Resources in the Brazil-Guianas Shelf Report of the first Regional Conference on the Sustainability of Fisheries Resources in the Brazil-Guianas Shelfby FAO, Rome (Italy). Fishery Policy and Planning Div. eng, Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. Conference on the Sustainability of Fisheries Resources in the Brazil-Guianas Shelf eng 5-7 Mar 2002 no. 1 Paramaribo (Suriname), FAO, Rome (Italy). Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission eng
Published 2002Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
202The cultivation of marine invertebrates indigenous to the Wider Caribbean region: established culture techniques and research needs for molluscs The cultivation of marine invertebrates indigenous to the Wider Caribbean region: established culture techniques and research needs for molluscsby Creswell, R.L., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
203The cultivation of marine invertebrates indigenous to the Wider Caribbean region: established culture techniques and research needs for crustacean The cultivation of marine invertebrates indigenous to the Wider Caribbean region: established culture techniques and research needs for crustaceanby Creswell, R.L., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
204Developing echinoderm culture for consumption and stock enhancement in the Caribbean Developing echinoderm culture for consumption and stock enhancement in the Caribbeanby Creswell, R.L., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
205Establishing operational protocols for a regional aquaculture facility: encouraging industry development and sustained use through best management practices to ensure resource and... Establishing operational protocols for a regional aquaculture facility: encouraging industry development and sustained use through best management practices to ensure resource and...by Creswell, R.L., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
206Cultivation of bivalve molluscs in Venezuela: diversity, potential and infrastructure for seed production Cultivation of bivalve molluscs in Venezuela: diversity, potential and infrastructure for seed productionby Creswell, R.L., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
207by Vosti, Stephen Anthony 129840, 109503 Reardon, T., 126372 Urff, W. von eds., 9033 German Foundation for International Development-DSE, Feldafing (Alemania), 9531 IFPRI, Washington, DC (EUA), Conference Agricultural Sustainability, Growth, and Poverty Alleviation: Issues and Policies Feldafing (Alemania) 23-27 Set 1991
Published 1991bibliotecaIICA -
208A regional shellfish hatchery for the Wider Caribbean: assessing its feasibility and sustainability A regional shellfish hatchery for the Wider Caribbean: assessing its feasibility and sustainabilityby Lovatelli, A. 172635, FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng 185612, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica) 1423211776896, Sarkis, S. 1423211769285
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
209by Brown, D.D.D., FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica), Lovatelli, A., Sarkis, S.
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
210by Sarkis, S. 1423211769285, FAO, Rome (Italy). Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Div. eng 185612, FAO Regional Technical Workshop on Assessing the Feasibility and Sustainability of Establishing a Regional Shellfish Hatchery for the Wider Caribbean eng 18-21 Oct 2010 Kingston (Jamaica) 1423211776896, Lovatelli, A. 172635
Published 2011Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
211by Congreso de Taller internacional sobre recursos fitogenéticos, desertificación y uso sustentable : Actas = Proceedings os the international workshop on plant genetic resources, desertification and sustainability (7-11-Noviembre 1994 : Río Gallegos:AR) 39159, INTA. Centro Regional Patagonia. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz 39160
Published 1995Texto bibliotecaUNCO AR -
212by 80473 Jansen, H.G.P., 17105 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture CATIE/MAG/WAU, Guápiles (Costa Rica), 37160 Seminar on Methodologies for Land Use Analysis at Different Scales: Harvesting the Results of a Decade of Interdisciplinary Research in Costa Rica Turrialba (Costa Rica) 8-9 Feb 1999
Published 1999bibliotecaIICA -
213by Jones, A. 171827, European Commission, Ispra (Italy). Joint Research Centre eng 187442, Stolbovoy, V. (ed.) 1423211761704, Tarnocai, C. (ed.) 1423211761705, Broll, G. (ed.) 1423211761706, Spaargaren, O. (ed.) 1423211761707, 173985 Montanarella, L. (ed.), Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra (Italy) eng 406066
Published 2010Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
214by 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica autor/a 3977, 20798 University Wageningen, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1998bibliotecaIICA -
215REPOSA research priorities and work plan 1997-1998; conclusions of the meeting between the delegation from Wageningen and the Costa Rica, field team 8-15 December, 1996, Guápiles,... REPOSA research priorities and work plan 1997-1998; conclusions of the meeting between the delegation from Wageningen and the Costa Rica, field team 8-15 December, 1996, Guápiles,...by 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica autor/a 3977, 20985 Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1996bibliotecaIICA -
216Annual report 1996. Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture (REPOSA) (CATIE-WAU-MAG) Costa Rica Annual report 1996. Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture (REPOSA) (CATIE-WAU-MAG) Costa Ricaby 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica autor/a 3977, 20985 Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1997bibliotecaIICA -
217Annual Report 1995. Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture (REPOSA) (CATIE/AUW/MAG) Costa Rica Annual Report 1995. Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture (REPOSA) (CATIE/AUW/MAG) Costa Ricaby 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica autor/a 3977, 2423 Agricultural University Wageningen, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1996bibliotecaIICA -
218Public policy and institutional challenges in the achievement of sustainable agriculture Public policy and institutional challenges in the achievement of sustainable agricultureby Pomareda Benel, Carlos F. 106157, 10323 IICA, San José (Costa Rica). Programa de Análisis y Planificación de la Política Agraria, International Conference on the Ecological Economics of Sustainability: Making Local and Short equal Term Goals Consistent with Global and Long-Term Goals (sl) 21-23 May 1990
Published 1991Texto bibliotecaIICA -
219Integrated bio-economic land use models: an analysis of the possibilities of sustainable natural forest management in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica Integrated bio-economic land use models: an analysis of the possibilities of sustainable natural forest management in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Ricaby 90272 Marciano, C., 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica 3977, 20985 Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1999bibliotecaIICA -
220Evaluación de la transferencia de la metodología SOLUS (de REPOSA) al Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), Costa Rica Evaluación de la transferencia de la metodología SOLUS (de REPOSA) al Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), Costa Ricaby 93663 Mera Orcés, V., 17106 Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture-REPOSA, Guápiles (Costa Rica), CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba, Costa Rica 3977, 20985 Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen (Países Bajos), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) San José, Costa Rica 13639
Published 1999bibliotecaIICA