Soil
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Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem.
Most soils have a dry bulk density (density of soil taking into account voids when dry) between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm3, though the soil particle density is much higher, in the range of 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm3. Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic, although fossilized soils are preserved from as far back as the Archean.
Collectively the Earth's body of soil is called the pedosphere. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Soil has four important functions:
* as a medium for plant growth * as a means of water storage, supply, and purification * as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere * as a habitat for organisms
All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties.
Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. ''Edaphology'' studies the influence of soils on living things. ''Pedology'' focuses on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock, as can be found on the Moon and other celestial objects. Provided by Wikipedia
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241by Rubber Research Centre, Soil Science Div., Haadyai, Thailand eng
Published 1967Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
242by Rubber Research Centre, Soil Science Div., Haadyai, Thailand eng
Published 1967Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
243by Central Soil Salinity Research Inst., Karnal (India) eng 23256
Published 2004Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
244Texto bibliotecaFAO IT
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245by International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute
Published 2007Poster bibliotecaCGIAR -
246by INTERNATIONAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION WORKSHOP, 1., 1977, Rio de Janeiro.
Published 1978Anais e Proceedings de eventos bibliotecaEMBRAPA -
247by International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute
Published 2007Poster bibliotecaCGIAR -
248Texto bibliotecaUAAAN MX
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251by International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute
Published 2015-03-13T08:29:59ZbibliotecaCGIAR -
252by United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey Staff
Published 1998Texto bibliotecaUBA FA -
253by INTERNATIONAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION WORKSHOP, 8., 1986, Rio de Janeiro.
Published 1988Anais e Proceedings de eventos bibliotecaEMBRAPA -
254Dataset bibliotecaUSDA US
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255Dataset bibliotecaUSDA US
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256Software bibliotecaUSDA US
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257Software bibliotecaUSDA US
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258Impact of water and external forces on soil structure. Selected papers Impact of water and external forces on soil structure. Selected papersby Drescher, J. (ed.), Workshop on Soil Physics and Soil Mechanics eng 1986 1 Hannover (Germany, F.R.), Horn, R. (ed.), de Boodt, M. (ed.)
Published 1986Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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260Soil conservation policies: an assessment. Based on material presented at the National Conference on Soil Conservation Policies, Nov 15-16, 1979, Washington, D.C. Soil conservation policies: an assessment. Based on material presented at the National Conference on Soil Conservation Policies, Nov 15-16, 1979, Washington, D.C.by Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA (USA) eng, National Conference on Soil Conservation Policies eng 15-16 Nov 1979 Washington, D.C. (USA)
Published 1979Texto bibliotecaFAO IT