Soil
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Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem.
Most soils have a dry bulk density (density of soil taking into account voids when dry) between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm3, though the soil particle density is much higher, in the range of 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm3. Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic, although fossilized soils are preserved from as far back as the Archean.
Collectively the Earth's body of soil is called the pedosphere. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Soil has four important functions:
* as a medium for plant growth * as a means of water storage, supply, and purification * as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere * as a habitat for organisms
All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties.
Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. ''Edaphology'' studies the influence of soils on living things. ''Pedology'' focuses on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock, as can be found on the Moon and other celestial objects. Provided by Wikipedia
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202by Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal (2009);Forestry Group
Published 2009Document bibliotecaFAO IT -
203by USDA ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory (17479029)
Published 2018Software bibliotecaUSDA US -
204by USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (17478450)
Published 2017dataset bibliotecaUSDA US -
205by USDA ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory (17479029)
Published 2018Software bibliotecaUSDA US -
206by USDA ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory (17479029)
Published 2018Software bibliotecaUSDA US -
207by USDA ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory (17479029)
Published 2018Software bibliotecaUSDA US -
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211Modification of soil structure - (Based on papers from a meeting sponsored by Commission 1 (Soil Physics) of the International Soil Science Society, held in Adelaide (Australia) Au... Modification of soil structure - (Based on papers from a meeting sponsored by Commission 1 (Soil Physics) of the International Soil Science Society, held in Adelaide (Australia) Au...by Emerson, W.W., International Society of Soil Science, Wageningen (Netherlands). Commission 1: Soil Physics eng, Bond, R.D., Dexter, A.R.
Published 1978Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
212Interactions of soil minerals with natural organics and microbes proceedings Interactions of soil minerals with natural organics and microbes proceedingsby Huang, P. M., Schmitner, M., Soil Science Society of America, Symposium Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes 15-16 Aug. 1983:
Published 1986Texto bibliotecaUBA FA -
213by Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg (USA). Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Dept. eng, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC (USA). Soil Management Support Services eng 32829, Agency for International Development, Washington, DC (USA) eng
Published 1990Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
214by 10843 Indian Society of Soil Science, New Delhi (India), 32075 12. International Congress of Soil Science New Delhi (India) 8-16 Feb 1982
Published 1982bibliotecaIICA -
215by Indian Society of Soil Science, New Delhi (India) eng, International Congress of Soil Science eng 8-16 Feb 1982 12 New Delhi (India)
Published 1982Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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217by European Commission, Brussels (Belgium). European Soil Bureau eng, Technical Consultation on the European Soil Information System eng 2-3 Sep 1999 Rome (Italy)
Published 2000Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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