Poland
![A reconstruction of a [[Bronze Age](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Biskupin_brama_od_zewnatrz.jpg)
Humans have been present on Polish soil since the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period over 12,000 years ago. Culturally diverse throughout late antiquity, in the early medieval period the region became inhabited by the tribal Polans who gave Poland its name. The process of establishing statehood coincided with the conversion of a pagan ruler of the Polans to Christianity, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in 966. Subsequent territorial expansion led to the creation of the Kingdom of Poland in 1025. By the mid-14th century, Poland became a major European power and began gradually integrating with Lithuania, resulting in the formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569. For the next two centuries, the Commonwealth was one of the great powers of Europe, governed by a uniquely liberal political system that adopted Europe's first modern constitution in 1791.
With the passing of the Renaissance and the prosperous Polish Golden Age in the late 16th century, Poland–Lithuania was weakened by social and political turmoil that led to its partition by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its independence at the end of World War I with the founding of the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union marked the beginning of World War II, which resulted in the Holocaust and millions of Polish casualties. Forced into the Eastern Bloc during the global Cold War, the Polish People's Republic was a founding signatory of the Warsaw Pact. Through the emergence and contributions of the Solidarity movement, the communist government was dissolved and Poland re-established itself as a democratic state in 1989.
Poland is a unitary parliamentary republic, with its bicameral legislature comprising the Sejm and the Senate. The country is considered a middle power, with a developed market and high-income economy that is the sixth largest in the EU by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by GDP (PPP). Poland enjoys a very high standard of living, safety, and economic freedom, as well as free university education and universal health care. The country has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area). Provided by Wikipedia
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161by Koniecka, D., Morski Inst. Rybacki, Gdynia (Poland) pol 424394, Wojciechowska, W., Brzeska, Z.
Published 1977Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
162Use of hyperspectral reflectance-derived relationship matrices for genomic prediction of grain yield in wheat - data for publication Use of hyperspectral reflectance-derived relationship matrices for genomic prediction of grain yield in wheat - data for publicationby Mondal, Suchismita, Krause, Margaret R., Juliana, Philomin, Poland, Jesse, Dreisigacker, Susanne, Singh, Ravi
Published 2018Experimental data, Phenotypic Data, Genotypic Data bibliotecaCIMMYT -
163by Mackie, G., Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, Workshop of the Extraction and Processing of Flax Working Group eng 15-16 Mar 1995 1 Poznan (Poland), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
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166by Kerklewski, Z., Polska Akademia Nauk, Jastrzebiec (Poland). Inst. Genetyki i Hodowli Zwierzat oth, Conference on Open Nucleus Breeding Systems eng 11-19 Jun 1989 Biatobrzegi (Poland), Dymnicki, E. (Polska Akademia Nauk, Jastrzebiec (Poland). Inst. Genetyki i Hodowli Zwierzat), Zurkowski, M. (ed.), FAO, Rome (Italy). Animal Production and Health Div. eng
Published 1990Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
167by Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, Hemp, Flax and other Bast Fibrous Plants Production. Production, Technology and Ecology Symposium eng 24-25 Sep 1998 Poznan (Poland), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) pol, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1998Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
168by Manys, S. (Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland)), Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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171Article bibliotecaCIMMYT
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172The vanishing past time: socioeconomic and geographic studies in Farafra oasis (Egypt) in 1992 The vanishing past time: socioeconomic and geographic studies in Farafra oasis (Egypt) in 1992by Gudowski, J. (ed.), Warsaw Univ. (Poland). Inst. Krajow Rozwijajacych Sie pol, Plit, F. (ed.)
Published 1995Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
173Ubostwo w swietle badan budzetow gospodarstw domowych Ubostwo w swietle badan budzetow gospodarstw domowychby Panek, T., Glowny Urzad Statystyczny, Warsaw (Poland) pol, Podgorski, J., Szukielojc-Bienkunska, A., Szulc, A.
Published 1996Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
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176NGOs, (Non-Governmental Organization) international aid and development in the South NGOs, (Non-Governmental Organization) international aid and development in the Southby Bankole, A. (ed.), Warsaw Univ. (Poland). Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies eng, Puchnarewicz, E. (ed.)
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178Conference Proceedings bibliotecaCIMMYT
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179by Wasko, J. (Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland)), Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, European Regional Workshop on Flax eng 15-17 Jun 1993 3 Bonn (Germany), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1994Texto bibliotecaFAO IT -
180by Stramkals, R. (LATLIN Ltd., Rezekne (Latvia)), Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan (Poland) eng, Workshop of the Extraction and Processing of Flax Working Group eng 15-16 Mar 1995 1 Poznan (Poland), Kozlowski, R. (ed.), Instytut Wlokien Naturalnych, Poznan (Poland) oth, FAO, Rome (Italy). European Cooperative Research Network on Flax eng, FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe eng
Published 1995Texto bibliotecaFAO IT