Anatomical correlations of the deep venous system and the golden number
Abstract Background: The golden ratio (GR), also known as phi (φ: 1.618), is a harmonic ratio found throughout nature. Objective: We seek to correlate the GR with the venous diameters of the deep venous system of the lower extremity (LE). Material and methods: We performed a case series study with a sample of 43 healthy volunteers, between September and December 2020, comparing the diameters of the common femoral vein (CFV) 5-10 cm distal to the inguinal ligament and the popliteal vein (POPV) using the formula (CFV/CFV + VPOP). Results: The mean of the calculations for the right LE was 0.61 cm (99% CI: 0.59-0.62) and for the left LE was 0.59 cm (99% CI: 0.57-0.60). Conclusions: Venous diameter ratios were descriptively close to 1/Φ. This is the first study on the role of phi in the venous circulation. Its application could contribute to real-life use in the field of innovation in vascular surgery.
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Digital revista |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sociedad Mexicana de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular A.C.
2022
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2696-130X2022000300077 |
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| Summary: | Abstract Background: The golden ratio (GR), also known as phi (φ: 1.618), is a harmonic ratio found throughout nature. Objective: We seek to correlate the GR with the venous diameters of the deep venous system of the lower extremity (LE). Material and methods: We performed a case series study with a sample of 43 healthy volunteers, between September and December 2020, comparing the diameters of the common femoral vein (CFV) 5-10 cm distal to the inguinal ligament and the popliteal vein (POPV) using the formula (CFV/CFV + VPOP). Results: The mean of the calculations for the right LE was 0.61 cm (99% CI: 0.59-0.62) and for the left LE was 0.59 cm (99% CI: 0.57-0.60). Conclusions: Venous diameter ratios were descriptively close to 1/Φ. This is the first study on the role of phi in the venous circulation. Its application could contribute to real-life use in the field of innovation in vascular surgery. |
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