Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses
The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools1,2, sequester carbon3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change5,6. Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species7, constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species.
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Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo biblioteca |
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Springer Nature
2019-05-15
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Subjects: | Forests, Microbial Flora, Nutrients, Soil, Carbon, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Forest Ecosystems, Environmental Factors, Descomposition, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Bosques, Flora Microbiana, Nutrientes, Suelo, Carbono, Nitrógeno, Cambio Climático, Ecosistemas Forestales, Factores Ambientales, Descomposición, Micorrizas Arbusculares, Climatic Control, Descomposition Drive, Tree Symbioses, Control Climático, Control de la Descomposición, Simbiosis Arbórea, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8952 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1128-0 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0 |
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Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea |
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Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea Steidinger, B. S. Crowther, T. W. Liang, J. Van Nuland, M. E. Werner, G. D. A. Reich, P. B. Nabuurs, G. de-Miguel, S. Zhou, M. Picard, N. Herault, B. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Routh, D. Peri, Pablo Luis Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
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The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools1,2, sequester carbon3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change5,6. Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species7, constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species. |
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info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
topic_facet |
Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea |
author |
Steidinger, B. S. Crowther, T. W. Liang, J. Van Nuland, M. E. Werner, G. D. A. Reich, P. B. Nabuurs, G. de-Miguel, S. Zhou, M. Picard, N. Herault, B. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Routh, D. Peri, Pablo Luis |
author_facet |
Steidinger, B. S. Crowther, T. W. Liang, J. Van Nuland, M. E. Werner, G. D. A. Reich, P. B. Nabuurs, G. de-Miguel, S. Zhou, M. Picard, N. Herault, B. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Routh, D. Peri, Pablo Luis |
author_sort |
Steidinger, B. S. |
title |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
title_short |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
title_full |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
title_fullStr |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
title_sort |
climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses |
publisher |
Springer Nature |
publishDate |
2019-05-15 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8952 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1128-0 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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oai:localhost:20.500.12123-89522021-03-22T17:44:08Z Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest tree symbioses Steidinger, B. S. Crowther, T. W. Liang, J. Van Nuland, M. E. Werner, G. D. A. Reich, P. B. Nabuurs, G. de-Miguel, S. Zhou, M. Picard, N. Herault, B. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Routh, D. Peri, Pablo Luis Forests Microbial Flora Nutrients Soil Carbon Nitrogen Climate Change Forest Ecosystems Environmental Factors Descomposition Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Bosques Flora Microbiana Nutrientes Suelo Carbono Nitrógeno Cambio Climático Ecosistemas Forestales Factores Ambientales Descomposición Micorrizas Arbusculares Climatic Control Descomposition Drive Tree Symbioses Control Climático Control de la Descomposición Simbiosis Arbórea The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools1,2, sequester carbon3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change5,6. Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species7, constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Steidinger, B. S. Stanford University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Crowther, T. W. ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science; Suiza Fil: Liang, J. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Estados Unidos Fil: Liang, J. Beijing Forestry University. Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration; China. Fil: Van Nuland, M. E. Stanford University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Werner, G. D. A. University of Oxford. Department of Zoology; Reino Unido Fil: Reich, P. B. University of Minnesota. Department of Forest Resources; Estados Unidos Fil: Reich, P. B. Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Australia. Fil: Nabuurs, G. Wageningen University and Research; Holanda Fil: de-Miguel, S. Universitat de Lleida. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences - Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio); España Fil: de-Miguel, S. Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC); España Fil: Zhou, M. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Estados Unidos Fil: Picard, N. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Italia Fil: Herault, B. University of Montpellier. Cirad, UPR Forêts et Sociétés; Francia Fil: Herault, B. National Polytechnic Institute (INP-HB). Department of Forestry and Environment. Yamoussoukro; Costa de Marfil Fil: Zhao, X. Beijing Forestry University. Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration; China. Fil: Zhang, C. Beijing Forestry University. Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration; China. Fil: Routh, D. ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science; Suiza Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. 2021-03-22T17:26:14Z 2021-03-22T17:26:14Z 2019-05-15 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8952 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1128-0 Steidinger, B.S., Crowther, T.W., Liang, J. et al. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses. Nature 569, 404–408 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0 1476-4687 (online) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Springer Nature Nature 569 (7756) : 404-408. (May 2019) |