Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?

Controversy exists over whether the estimated effects of schooling on health care use reflect the influence of unobserved factors. Existing estimates may overstate the schooling effect because of the failure to control for unobserved variables or may be downwardly biased due to measurement error. This paper contributes to the resolution of this debate by adopting an instrumental variable approach to estimate the impact of female schooling on maternal health care use. A school construction program in Indonesia in the 1970s is used to construct an instrumental variable for education. The choice between use and non-use of maternal health services is estimated as a function of schooling and other variables. Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used for this paper. Standard regression models estimated in the paper indicate that each additional year of schooling does indeed have a significant, positive effect on maternal health care use. Instrumental variable estimates of the schooling effect are larger. The results suggest that schooling has a positive impact on maternal health care use even after eliminating the effect of unobserved variables and measurement error. This paper moves beyond previous work on the impact of education on health care use by adopting an IV approach to address the problem of endogeneity and measurement error. IV methods have been used widely in the labour economics literature to examine the impact of schooling on wages and other labour market outcomes but rarely to estimate the effect of schooling on health outcomes.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Somanathan, Aparnaa
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-05
Subjects:ACCESS TO CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ANTE-NATAL CARE, AUTONOMY OF WOMEN, BIRTH ATTENDANT, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, BIRTH ORDER, BIRTHS, BULLETIN, CHILD CARE, CHILD DELIVERY, CHILD EDUCATION, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHILD-CARE, CHILDBEARING, CHILDBIRTH, CHILDHOOD, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, CULTURAL CHANGE, CURATIVE HEALTH CARE, DELIVERY CARE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISEASES, DOCTOR, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, EDUCATION SECTOR, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENROLMENT RATE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXPENDITURES, EXTENDED FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY SIZE, FATHER, FATHERS, FEMALE, FEMALES, FERTILITY, FIRST BIRTH, FIRST CHILD, FIRST MARRIAGE, FIRST PREGNANCY, GENDER, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE ACCESS, HEALTH CARE DEMAND, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE USE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH CENTRE, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITAL DELIVERIES, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, IMPACT OF EDUCATION, IMPACT ON HEALTH, INFANT, INFANTS, INSURANCE, INTERVENTIONS, JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, LABOUR MARKET, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LITERACY, LIVE BIRTH, MALES, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMAN, MARRIED WOMEN, MATERNAL CARE, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH CARE, MATERNITY CARE, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL SERVICES, MIDWIFE, MIDWIFERY, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MISCARRIAGE, MODERN HEALTH CARE, MODERN MEDICINE, MODERNIZATION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY DECLINE, MOTHER, MOTHERS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NURSE, NUTRITION, OLDER WOMEN, PACIFIC REGION, PARITY, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR MATERNAL HEALTH, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION ASSOCIATION, POPULATION STUDIES, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PRENATAL CARE, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS, PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION, PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS, PUBLIC POLICY, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE, RESPECT, ROLE OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION, SCHOOLS, SIBLINGS, SOCIAL FACTORS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SPOUSE, STILLBIRTH, TEACHER RECRUITMENT, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS, UNEDUCATED WOMEN, URBAN AREAS, USE OF HEALTH SERVICES, USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES, USER FEES, WOMAN, WOMEN'S HEALTH, YOUNG CHILDREN,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9456664/use-modern-medical-care-pregnancy-childbirth-care-female-schooling-matter
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6680
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databasecode dig-okr
tag biblioteca
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libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
topic ACCESS TO CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ANTE-NATAL CARE
AUTONOMY OF WOMEN
BIRTH ATTENDANT
BIRTH ATTENDANTS
BIRTH ORDER
BIRTHS
BULLETIN
CHILD CARE
CHILD DELIVERY
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MORBIDITY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD-CARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHILDHOOD
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
CULTURAL CHANGE
CURATIVE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY CARE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISEASES
DOCTOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
EDUCATION SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATE
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLMENT RATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
EXTENDED FAMILIES
FAMILY HEALTH
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY SIZE
FATHER
FATHERS
FEMALE
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST CHILD
FIRST MARRIAGE
FIRST PREGNANCY
GENDER
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE ACCESS
HEALTH CARE DEMAND
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE USE
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH ECONOMICS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH STATUS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL CARE
HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPACT OF EDUCATION
IMPACT ON HEALTH
INFANT
INFANTS
INSURANCE
INTERVENTIONS
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LABOUR MARKET
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
LITERACY
LIVE BIRTH
MALES
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED WOMAN
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
MATERNITY CARE
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SERVICES
MIDWIFE
MIDWIFERY
MIGRATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MISCARRIAGE
MODERN HEALTH CARE
MODERN MEDICINE
MODERNIZATION
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY DECLINE
MOTHER
MOTHERS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NURSE
NUTRITION
OLDER WOMEN
PACIFIC REGION
PARITY
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POOR MATERNAL HEALTH
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION STUDIES
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PRENATAL CARE
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS
PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
PROBABILITY
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY OF CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
RESPECT
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL AREAS
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
SCHOOLS
SIBLINGS
SOCIAL FACTORS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SPOUSE
STILLBIRTH
TEACHER RECRUITMENT
TEACHERS
TEACHING
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS
UNEDUCATED WOMEN
URBAN AREAS
USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
USER FEES
WOMAN
WOMEN'S HEALTH
YOUNG CHILDREN
ACCESS TO CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ANTE-NATAL CARE
AUTONOMY OF WOMEN
BIRTH ATTENDANT
BIRTH ATTENDANTS
BIRTH ORDER
BIRTHS
BULLETIN
CHILD CARE
CHILD DELIVERY
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MORBIDITY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD-CARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHILDHOOD
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
CULTURAL CHANGE
CURATIVE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY CARE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISEASES
DOCTOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
EDUCATION SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATE
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLMENT RATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
EXTENDED FAMILIES
FAMILY HEALTH
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY SIZE
FATHER
FATHERS
FEMALE
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST CHILD
FIRST MARRIAGE
FIRST PREGNANCY
GENDER
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE ACCESS
HEALTH CARE DEMAND
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE USE
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH ECONOMICS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH STATUS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL CARE
HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPACT OF EDUCATION
IMPACT ON HEALTH
INFANT
INFANTS
INSURANCE
INTERVENTIONS
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LABOUR MARKET
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
LITERACY
LIVE BIRTH
MALES
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED WOMAN
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
MATERNITY CARE
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SERVICES
MIDWIFE
MIDWIFERY
MIGRATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MISCARRIAGE
MODERN HEALTH CARE
MODERN MEDICINE
MODERNIZATION
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY DECLINE
MOTHER
MOTHERS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NURSE
NUTRITION
OLDER WOMEN
PACIFIC REGION
PARITY
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POOR MATERNAL HEALTH
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION STUDIES
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PRENATAL CARE
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS
PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
PROBABILITY
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY OF CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
RESPECT
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL AREAS
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
SCHOOLS
SIBLINGS
SOCIAL FACTORS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SPOUSE
STILLBIRTH
TEACHER RECRUITMENT
TEACHERS
TEACHING
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS
UNEDUCATED WOMEN
URBAN AREAS
USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
USER FEES
WOMAN
WOMEN'S HEALTH
YOUNG CHILDREN
spellingShingle ACCESS TO CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ANTE-NATAL CARE
AUTONOMY OF WOMEN
BIRTH ATTENDANT
BIRTH ATTENDANTS
BIRTH ORDER
BIRTHS
BULLETIN
CHILD CARE
CHILD DELIVERY
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MORBIDITY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD-CARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHILDHOOD
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
CULTURAL CHANGE
CURATIVE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY CARE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISEASES
DOCTOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
EDUCATION SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATE
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLMENT RATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
EXTENDED FAMILIES
FAMILY HEALTH
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY SIZE
FATHER
FATHERS
FEMALE
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST CHILD
FIRST MARRIAGE
FIRST PREGNANCY
GENDER
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE ACCESS
HEALTH CARE DEMAND
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE USE
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH ECONOMICS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH STATUS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL CARE
HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPACT OF EDUCATION
IMPACT ON HEALTH
INFANT
INFANTS
INSURANCE
INTERVENTIONS
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LABOUR MARKET
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
LITERACY
LIVE BIRTH
MALES
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED WOMAN
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
MATERNITY CARE
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SERVICES
MIDWIFE
MIDWIFERY
MIGRATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MISCARRIAGE
MODERN HEALTH CARE
MODERN MEDICINE
MODERNIZATION
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY DECLINE
MOTHER
MOTHERS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NURSE
NUTRITION
OLDER WOMEN
PACIFIC REGION
PARITY
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POOR MATERNAL HEALTH
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION STUDIES
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PRENATAL CARE
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS
PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
PROBABILITY
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY OF CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
RESPECT
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL AREAS
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
SCHOOLS
SIBLINGS
SOCIAL FACTORS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SPOUSE
STILLBIRTH
TEACHER RECRUITMENT
TEACHERS
TEACHING
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS
UNEDUCATED WOMEN
URBAN AREAS
USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
USER FEES
WOMAN
WOMEN'S HEALTH
YOUNG CHILDREN
ACCESS TO CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ANTE-NATAL CARE
AUTONOMY OF WOMEN
BIRTH ATTENDANT
BIRTH ATTENDANTS
BIRTH ORDER
BIRTHS
BULLETIN
CHILD CARE
CHILD DELIVERY
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MORBIDITY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD-CARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHILDHOOD
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
CULTURAL CHANGE
CURATIVE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY CARE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISEASES
DOCTOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
EDUCATION SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATE
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLMENT RATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
EXTENDED FAMILIES
FAMILY HEALTH
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY SIZE
FATHER
FATHERS
FEMALE
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST CHILD
FIRST MARRIAGE
FIRST PREGNANCY
GENDER
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE ACCESS
HEALTH CARE DEMAND
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE USE
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH ECONOMICS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH STATUS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL CARE
HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPACT OF EDUCATION
IMPACT ON HEALTH
INFANT
INFANTS
INSURANCE
INTERVENTIONS
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LABOUR MARKET
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
LITERACY
LIVE BIRTH
MALES
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED WOMAN
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
MATERNITY CARE
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SERVICES
MIDWIFE
MIDWIFERY
MIGRATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MISCARRIAGE
MODERN HEALTH CARE
MODERN MEDICINE
MODERNIZATION
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY DECLINE
MOTHER
MOTHERS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NURSE
NUTRITION
OLDER WOMEN
PACIFIC REGION
PARITY
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POOR MATERNAL HEALTH
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION STUDIES
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PRENATAL CARE
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS
PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
PROBABILITY
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY OF CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
RESPECT
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL AREAS
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
SCHOOLS
SIBLINGS
SOCIAL FACTORS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SPOUSE
STILLBIRTH
TEACHER RECRUITMENT
TEACHERS
TEACHING
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS
UNEDUCATED WOMEN
URBAN AREAS
USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
USER FEES
WOMAN
WOMEN'S HEALTH
YOUNG CHILDREN
Somanathan, Aparnaa
Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
description Controversy exists over whether the estimated effects of schooling on health care use reflect the influence of unobserved factors. Existing estimates may overstate the schooling effect because of the failure to control for unobserved variables or may be downwardly biased due to measurement error. This paper contributes to the resolution of this debate by adopting an instrumental variable approach to estimate the impact of female schooling on maternal health care use. A school construction program in Indonesia in the 1970s is used to construct an instrumental variable for education. The choice between use and non-use of maternal health services is estimated as a function of schooling and other variables. Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used for this paper. Standard regression models estimated in the paper indicate that each additional year of schooling does indeed have a significant, positive effect on maternal health care use. Instrumental variable estimates of the schooling effect are larger. The results suggest that schooling has a positive impact on maternal health care use even after eliminating the effect of unobserved variables and measurement error. This paper moves beyond previous work on the impact of education on health care use by adopting an IV approach to address the problem of endogeneity and measurement error. IV methods have been used widely in the labour economics literature to examine the impact of schooling on wages and other labour market outcomes but rarely to estimate the effect of schooling on health outcomes.
topic_facet ACCESS TO CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ANTE-NATAL CARE
AUTONOMY OF WOMEN
BIRTH ATTENDANT
BIRTH ATTENDANTS
BIRTH ORDER
BIRTHS
BULLETIN
CHILD CARE
CHILD DELIVERY
CHILD EDUCATION
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD MORBIDITY
CHILD MORTALITY
CHILD SURVIVAL
CHILD-CARE
CHILDBEARING
CHILDBIRTH
CHILDHOOD
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
CULTURAL CHANGE
CURATIVE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY CARE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISEASES
DOCTOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
EDUCATION SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT
ENROLLMENT
ENROLLMENT RATE
ENROLLMENT RATES
ENROLMENT RATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
EXTENDED FAMILIES
FAMILY HEALTH
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY SIZE
FATHER
FATHERS
FEMALE
FEMALES
FERTILITY
FIRST BIRTH
FIRST CHILD
FIRST MARRIAGE
FIRST PREGNANCY
GENDER
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE ACCESS
HEALTH CARE DEMAND
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
HEALTH CARE SERVICES
HEALTH CARE USE
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION
HEALTH CENTRE
HEALTH ECONOMICS
HEALTH OUTCOMES
HEALTH POLICY
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH STATUS
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL CARE
HOSPITAL DELIVERIES
HOSPITALS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES
ILLNESS
IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONS
IMPACT OF EDUCATION
IMPACT ON HEALTH
INFANT
INFANTS
INSURANCE
INTERVENTIONS
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LABOUR MARKET
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
LEVELS OF EDUCATION
LITERACY
LIVE BIRTH
MALES
MARITAL STATUS
MARRIED WOMAN
MARRIED WOMEN
MATERNAL CARE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
MATERNITY CARE
MEDICAL CARE
MEDICAL SERVICES
MIDWIFE
MIDWIFERY
MIGRATION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
MISCARRIAGE
MODERN HEALTH CARE
MODERN MEDICINE
MODERNIZATION
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY
MORTALITY DECLINE
MOTHER
MOTHERS
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NURSE
NUTRITION
OLDER WOMEN
PACIFIC REGION
PARITY
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POOR MATERNAL HEALTH
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION ASSOCIATION
POPULATION STUDIES
PREGNANCIES
PREGNANCY
PRENATAL CARE
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS
PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
PROBABILITY
PROGRESS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY OF CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
RESPECT
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL AREAS
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
SCHOOLS
SIBLINGS
SOCIAL FACTORS
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SPOUSE
STILLBIRTH
TEACHER RECRUITMENT
TEACHERS
TEACHING
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS
UNEDUCATED WOMEN
URBAN AREAS
USE OF HEALTH SERVICES
USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
USER FEES
WOMAN
WOMEN'S HEALTH
YOUNG CHILDREN
author Somanathan, Aparnaa
author_facet Somanathan, Aparnaa
author_sort Somanathan, Aparnaa
title Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
title_short Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
title_full Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
title_fullStr Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
title_full_unstemmed Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?
title_sort use of modern medical care for pregnancy and childbirth care : does female schooling matter?
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2008-05
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9456664/use-modern-medical-care-pregnancy-childbirth-care-female-schooling-matter
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6680
work_keys_str_mv AT somanathanaparnaa useofmodernmedicalcareforpregnancyandchildbirthcaredoesfemaleschoolingmatter
_version_ 1807156540977709056
spelling dig-okr-1098666802024-08-08T16:41:40Z Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter? Somanathan, Aparnaa ACCESS TO CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ANTE-NATAL CARE AUTONOMY OF WOMEN BIRTH ATTENDANT BIRTH ATTENDANTS BIRTH ORDER BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD CARE CHILD DELIVERY CHILD EDUCATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORBIDITY CHILD MORTALITY CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHILDHOOD CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL CHANGE CURATIVE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY CARE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISEASES DOCTOR ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESOURCES EDUCATION SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATE EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY SIZE FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST CHILD FIRST MARRIAGE FIRST PREGNANCY GENDER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE ACCESS HEALTH CARE DEMAND HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE USE HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION HEALTH CENTRE HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITAL DELIVERIES HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPACT OF EDUCATION IMPACT ON HEALTH INFANT INFANTS INSURANCE INTERVENTIONS JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LABOUR MARKET LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LIVE BIRTH MALES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL CARE MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL HEALTH CARE MATERNITY CARE MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SERVICES MIDWIFE MIDWIFERY MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MISCARRIAGE MODERN HEALTH CARE MODERN MEDICINE MODERNIZATION MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MOTHERS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PACIFIC REGION PARITY POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR MATERNAL HEALTH POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION STUDIES PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS PUBLIC POLICY QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF HEALTH QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE RESPECT ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SCHOOL BUILDINGS SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOLS SIBLINGS SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL SECTOR SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE STILLBIRTH TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHERS TEACHING TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS UNEDUCATED WOMEN URBAN AREAS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES USER FEES WOMAN WOMEN'S HEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN Controversy exists over whether the estimated effects of schooling on health care use reflect the influence of unobserved factors. Existing estimates may overstate the schooling effect because of the failure to control for unobserved variables or may be downwardly biased due to measurement error. This paper contributes to the resolution of this debate by adopting an instrumental variable approach to estimate the impact of female schooling on maternal health care use. A school construction program in Indonesia in the 1970s is used to construct an instrumental variable for education. The choice between use and non-use of maternal health services is estimated as a function of schooling and other variables. Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used for this paper. Standard regression models estimated in the paper indicate that each additional year of schooling does indeed have a significant, positive effect on maternal health care use. Instrumental variable estimates of the schooling effect are larger. The results suggest that schooling has a positive impact on maternal health care use even after eliminating the effect of unobserved variables and measurement error. This paper moves beyond previous work on the impact of education on health care use by adopting an IV approach to address the problem of endogeneity and measurement error. IV methods have been used widely in the labour economics literature to examine the impact of schooling on wages and other labour market outcomes but rarely to estimate the effect of schooling on health outcomes. 2012-05-30T18:39:24Z 2012-05-30T18:39:24Z 2008-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9456664/use-modern-medical-care-pregnancy-childbirth-care-female-schooling-matter https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6680 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4625 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC