Gender Equity in Junior and Senior Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

This thematic study is about gender equity in junior and senior secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It consists of case studies of Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda, as well as, a review of studies undertaken over the past ten years on education in Africa with particular attention to girls' and secondary education. Gender equity at the primary level has been the focus of considerable attention within the education for all frameworks of action, but much less so at the secondary level. Evidence of gender inequity and inequality in terms of access, retention and performance in secondary education in SSA raises many questions. While transition rates from primary to secondary are higher for girls than boys, and the repetition rates are lower, girls still significantly trail behind boys in terms of secondary gross enrollment rate (GER). The purpose of this study is to document and analyze the extent and nature of gender disadvantage in junior and senior secondary education, to analyze the causes of this disadvantage and to identify strategies that may be effective in reducing or eliminating it. This thematic study will make a timely and useful contribution to the debate on Secondary Education and Training in Africa (SEIA) issues.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Sutherland-Addy, Esi
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC : World Bank 2008
Subjects:	ABSENTEEISM, ACADEMIC YEAR, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO SCHOOLING, ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION, ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS, ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, ADOLESCENTS, ADULTS, ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION, APPROACHES TO EDUCATION, ATTENDANCE RATES, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC HUMAN RIGHT, CITIZENS, COMPLETION RATE, COMPLETION RATES, CONTEXTUAL FACTORS, DEMOCRACY, DISCRIMINATION, DISSEMINATION, DROPOUT, DROPOUT RATES, EARLY MARRIAGES, EARLY PREGNANCY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION FOR GIRLS, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION POLICY, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT, EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL POLICIES, EDUCATIONAL POLICY, EDUCATIONAL QUALITY, EDUCATORS, ELIMINATING GENDER DISPARITIES, ENROLLMENT INCREASES, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENROLLMENT RATES FOR GIRLS, ENROLLMENT RATIOS, EQUAL ACCESS, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, EQUAL PARTICIPATION, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, EQUITABLE ACCESS, EXAMS, FEMALE ENROLLMENT, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE TEACHERS, FINAL GRADE, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, FIRST GRADE, GENDER AWARENESS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER INEQUITY, GENDER PARITY, GENDER PARITY INDEX, GENDER PARTICIPATION, GENDER SENSITIVE, GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION, GER, GLOBAL EDUCATION, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GRADE REPETITION, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER REPETITION, HIV, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCENTIVES FOR GIRLS, INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, INTAKE RATES, INTERVENTIONS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JUNIOR SECONDARY, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, LABOR MARKETS, LEADERSHIP, LEARNERS, LEARNING, LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF LITERACY, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE SKILLS, LIFE-SKILLS, LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION, LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, NATIONAL LEVEL, NER, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATE, NET ENROLLMENT RATIO, NEW ENTRANTS, NUMBER OF PUPILS, ORPHANS, PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION, PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PARTICIPATION RATES, PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS, POLICY FORMULATION, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PREGNANCIES, PRIMARY COMPLETION, PRIMARY CYCLE, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY GRADE, PRIMARY GRADUATE, PRIMARY GROSS ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOS, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL CYCLE, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRIMARY TEACHERS, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PROGRESS, PUPILS PER TEACHER, PUPIL­TEACHER RATIO, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS, QUALITY PRIMARY EDUCATION, RE-ENTRY, REPETITION RATES, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL AGE POPULATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL CAREER, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION, SCHOOL LEVELS, SCHOOL PARTICIPATION, SCHOOL-AGE, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENCE SUBJECTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEX, SEXUAL ABUSE, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROGRESS, SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL SECTORS, STATE POLICY, TEACHER, TEACHER ASSESSMENT, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TEXTBOOKS, TRADITIONAL VALUES, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY COMPLETION, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, UPE, VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WOMEN EDUCATIONALISTS, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9700857/gender-equity-junior-senior-secondary-education-sub-saharan-africa https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6500
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