Job Creation in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the operations that the World Bank has supported to create jobs and promote employment in fragile and conflict-affected situations. A novel approach to identifying projects is presented that enables searching for projects based on stated development objectives, regardless of the sector of the project. Of a sample of 2,166 projects funded by the International Development Association, this resulted in the identification of 98 projects that have specific job creation and employment generation development objectives. Among these projects, 51 percent of countries appearing on the list between 2004 and 2012 have implemented projects. Detailed textual analysis is carried out on the project descriptions and indicators to evaluate how well projects are aligned to the context. The results suggest there is a lack of measurement on outcomes that are particularly relevant for fragile and conflict-affected situations, such as the development of social cohesion, reintegration of those involved or affected by violence, impacts jobs have on the willingness to engage in violence or conflict, perceptions of government accountability, and equitable access to these economic opportunities. Quantitative analysis of the portfolio indicates that there are also systematic differences in the size and resources associated with job creation projects in countries with fragile and conflict-affected situations relative to similar projects in other International Development Association-borrowing countries. Given the mixed empirical evidence on the relationship between jobs and conflict, this report calls for more methodological measurement of the impacts of these programs on stabilization outcomes in the future.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Ralston, Laura
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2014-10
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION, AID, BORROWING, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CIVIL CONFLICT, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY SERVICES, CONSOLIDATION, CREATING JOBS, DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, EQUITABLE ACCESS, EX-COMBATANTS, EXPORTS, FEMALE, FEMALES, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FOOD SECURITY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT, GAPS, GENDER, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN SECURITY, INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, JOB CREATION, JOB PLACEMENT, JOBS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL OF POVERTY, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT, MINIMUM WAGE, MODERNIZATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WORKERS, NUTRITION, PEACE, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT, PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, ROAD SAFETY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL YOUTH, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILL LEVEL, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIAL UNREST, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, SUSTAINABILITY, TARGETING, TRAINING PROGRAM, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SYSTEM, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN SERVICES, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WAR, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUTH, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20342854/job-creation-fragile-conflict-affected-situations https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20637
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