Tertiary Education in Indonesia : Directions for Policy

Indonesia has made notable progress in raising attainment levels in primary and secondary school. More than 1 million additional students graduated high school in 2012 when compared with 1999, and graduation rates are expected to increase further. Major efforts are being made throughout the system to improve learning outcomes and ensure graduates have more knowledge and better skills. This progress at primary and secondary school creates more demand for tertiary education (TE). Most students (88 percent in a recent survey) profess a desire to continue studying after high school. Indonesia's TE system, however, is not well prepared to help create relevant, high-quality opportunities for this growing pool of high school graduates. Wages for those with TE are high and have remained so even as more and more workers enter the labor market with at least some TE. TE is a good investment in Indonesia, even when one attends a TE institution (TEI) of perceived low quality. Empirical analyses of labor markets do not support the anecdotes about large numbers of unemployed and underpaid workers with TE. This fact is a main general conclusion that should shape the direction of TE policy in Indonesia.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014-06
Subjects:	ABILITY LEVELS, ACADEMIC ABILITY, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, ACADEMIC POLICY, ACADEMIC POSITIONS, ACADEMIC PROGRAMS, ACADEMIC RIGOR, ACADEMIC YEAR, ACCREDITATION SYSTEM, ADVANCED DEGREE, ADVANCED DEGREES, ADVANCED HUMAN CAPITAL, AGE COHORT, AGE RANGES, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION CYCLE, CAREER, CAREER ADVANCEMENT, CAREER PROSPECTS, CIVIL SERVICE, CIVIL SOCIETY, COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM, COLLEGE GRADUATES, COMMUNITY COLLEGE, COMMUNITY COLLEGES, COMPETENCIES, COMPLETION RATES, COMPUTER SCIENCE, DEGREE PROGRAMS, DEGREES, DEMAND FOR GRADUATES, DIPLOMAS, DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS, DISCIPLINES, DROPOUT RATES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATED WORKFORCE, EDUCATION DEGREE, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION LEVELS, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ELEMENTS, EMPLOYED GRADUATES, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, ENROLLMENT DATA, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENROLLMENT TARGETS, ENTRANCE EXAM, EXAMS, EXPENDITURES, FACULTY QUALIFICATIONS, FORMAL LEARNING, FUTURE STUDENTS, GIFTED STUDENTS, GRADE LEVELS, GRADUATE TAXES, GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT, GRADUATION RATE, GRADUATION RATES, GRANT PROGRAMS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, GROSS TERTIARY ENROLLMENT, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION COMMUNITY, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HIGHER EDUCATION LAW, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM, HIGHER ENROLLMENT, HIGHER INCOMES, HIGHER TUITION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME-CONTINGENT, INCOME-CONTINGENT LOANS, INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATION, INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY, INSTRUCTION, INSTRUCTORS, INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT, JUNIOR SECONDARY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCES, LABOR MARKET DEMAND, LABOR MARKETS, LEADERSHIP, LEARNERS, LEARNING, LEARNING GOALS, LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LECTURERS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIBERAL ARTS, LITERATURE, LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINORITY GROUPS, NATIONAL ACCREDITATION, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NET ENROLLMENT, NEW ENTRANTS, NUMERACY, OCCUPATIONS, OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS, PEER GROUP, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLYTECHNICS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES, PRIVATE UNIVERSITY, PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE, PROFESSORS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES, PUBLIC UNIVERSITY, QUALIFIED TEACHERS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS, QUALITY LEARNING, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY SCHOOLS, QUALITY SECONDARY SCHOOLS, RATES OF RETURN, REASONING, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCHERS, RETENTION RATES, RETURN TO EDUCATION, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RURAL AREAS, SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM, SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY GRADUATES, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, SENIOR SECONDARY, SKILL LEVELS, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLED WORKFORCE, STATE UNIVERSITIES, STUDENT ASSISTANCE, STUDENT ATTENDANCE, STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS, STUDENT ENROLLMENT, STUDENT FINANCIAL AID, STUDENT LEARNING, STUDENT LOAN, STUDENT LOAN PROGRAMS, STUDENT LOANS, STUDENT POPULATION, STUDENT PROGRESS, SUBJECTS, SUPPLY OF GRADUATES, TEACHER, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TEI, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION COVERAGE, TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY GRADUATES, TERTIARY STUDENTS, TEST SCORES, TUITION, TUITION COSTS, TUITION FEES, TUTORING, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY ADMISSIONS, UNIVERSITY DEGREES, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, WORKERS, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19790782/tertiary-education-indonesia-directions-policy https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20024
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