Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives

Tajikistan's electricity system is in a state of crisis. Approximately 70 percent of the Tajik people suffer from extensive shortages of electricity during the winter. These shortages, estimated at about 2,700 GWh, about a quarter of winter electricity demand, impose economic losses estimated at over United States (US) 200 million dollars per annum or 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The electricity shortages have not been addressed because investments have not been made in new electricity supply capacity and maintenance of existing assets has not improved. The financial incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their consumption is inadequate as electricity prices are among the lowest in the world. Without prompt action to remedy the causes of Tajikistan's electricity crisis and with growing demand, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by 2016 (over a third of winter electricity demand) or worse. The World Bank undertook this study to assist the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) in finding ways to overcome the current electricity shortages and establish a sound basis for meeting the growing electricity demand in Tajikistan. The study focuses on the investments and policy reforms needed between now and 2020 to strengthen the financial, technical and institutional capacity of the Tajik power sector and prepare the GoT for undertaking a major expansion of power supply capacity. The study excludes large hydropower plants with storage, given their complexity and global experience that such projects are subject to delays. The winter electricity shortages are caused by a combination of low hydropower output during winter when river flows are low and high demand driven by heating needs. The GoT should focus its immediate attention on three ways to eliminate the current winter power shortages: 1) ambitious energy efficiency plans to reduce uneconomic power usage; 2) new dual-fired thermal power supply to complement the existing hydropower supply during winter; and 3) increased energy imports to leverage surplus electricity supply in neighboring countries.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Fields, Daryl, Kochnakyan, Artur, Mukhamedova, Takhmina, Stuggins, Gary, Besant-Jones, John
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	AIR, AIR LEAKAGE, AIR LEAKS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALLOWANCE, ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS, ALUMINUM, ALUMINUM INDUSTRY, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, APPLIANCE STANDARDS, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, BALANCE, BOILER, BOILER HOUSE, BOILER HOUSES, BOILERS, CALCULATION, CAPS, CARBON, CARBON MONOXIDE, CATASTROPHIC FAILURE, CLIMATE, COAL, COAL GAS, COAL PRODUCTION, COLORS, COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS, CONSERVATION, COST OF ELECTRICITY, COST OF ENERGY, COST OF ENERGY SUPPLY, COSTS OF ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES, DEMAND FORECAST, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, DEMAND REDUCTION, DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT, DIESEL, DIESEL POWER, DISSOLUTION, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, DISTRICT HEATING, DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC SOURCES, DOMESTIC SUPPLY, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELECTRIC HEATERS, ELECTRIC WATER HEATING, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY COSTS, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRICE, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ELECTRICITY SAVINGS, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, ELECTRICITY TARIFF, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, ELECTRICITY USAGE, ELECTROLYSIS, EMISSIONS, END-USE, END-USE CONSUMPTION, END-USERS, ENERGY AUDITS, ENERGY BILLS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY COSTS, ENERGY DEFICIT, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY LOSS, ENERGY LOSSES, ENERGY MARKET, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY PRICES, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SHORTAGES, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY SYSTEM, ENERGY USE, EXTREME TEMPERATURES, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, FINANCIAL CONDITION, FINANCIAL COSTS, FINANCIAL NEEDS, FINANCIAL REASONS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FLUORESCENT LAMP, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL OIL, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL SWITCHING, FUELS, GAS, GAS BOILERS, GAS TURBINE, GASIFICATION, GENERATION CAPACITY, GENERATION UNITS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH IN DEMAND, GROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND, HARD COAL, HEALTH RISK, HEAT, HEAT DEMAND, HEAT GENERATION, HEAT SUPPLY, HEAT TRANSMISSION, HEATING SYSTEM, HEAVY OIL, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HYDROPOWER, HYDROPOWER PLANT, IMPORTS, INCOME, INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY, INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY, IRRADIATION, JOBS, KILOWATT HOUR, LIVING STANDARDS, LOAD SHEDDING, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS SUPPLY, NEGATIVE IMPACT, OIL, OIL EQUIVALENT, PEAK DEMAND, PEAK LOAD, PEAK POWER, PETROLEUM, PORTFOLIO, POWER, POWER CAPACITY, POWER CONSUMPTION, POWER DEMAND, POWER FLOWS, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION, POWER PRICES, POWER SECTOR, POWER SHORTAGES, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SYSTEM, POWER TRADE, PRESENT VALUE, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRICE INCREASE, PRICE SIGNAL, PROVISION OF HEAT, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS, SCENARIOS, SMALL HYDROPOWER, SOLAR POWER, SOLAR THERMAL, SOLAR WATER HEATERS, SOLID FUELS, SPACE HEATING, SUBSTITUTION, SUPPLY COSTS, SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY, THERMAL PLANT, THERMAL PLANT CAPACITY, THERMAL PLANTS, THERMAL POWER, THERMAL POWER PLANT, THERMAL POWER PLANTS, TOTAL COST, TOTAL DEMAND, TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS, TRANSMISSION LINE, TRANSMISSION LINES, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, TURBINES, UTILITY COMPANY, VOLTAGE, WASTE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15795
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