In Search of Opportunities : How a More Mobile Workforce Can Propel Ukraine’s Prosperity (Vol. 2 of 2) : Technical Report

Ukrainians do not move often, and when they do move, they don't necessarily go to areas with good jobs and high wages. Internal mobility is about half of what is expected when comparing Ukraine with other countries. The lack of mobility is remarkable, given the availability of more jobs and better wages in several Ukrainian cities. Too few people are taking advantage of economic opportunities, and as a result, Ukraine's structural transformation has stalled. This is a sharp contrast to many other countries in Eastern Europe, where the transition to a market economy has been accompanied by a shift from widely-dispersed industries to a concentration of capital and production in a few areas, and from low- to higher-productivity sectors. Labor has largely mirrored the movement of capital and production. In Ukraine, however, labor is not flowing as smoothly to areas of high production. This report examines the mobility of workers inside Ukraine and their willingness to physically relocate from one area or region to another in search of better economic opportunities. The report explores the patterns and trends of labor mobility in Ukraine as well as the drivers and constraints of that mobility, and derives policy implications from its findings. Second chapter of this volume offers evidence of how a mobile workforce benefits the economy. It shows how the economic transition in most of Eastern Europe has been accompanied by the significant concentration of capital and people in a few areas. This has not happened to the same extent in Ukraine. Third chapter shows that what little migration we see in Ukraine is not necessarily going to the leading regions. For internal migration to lead to growth and better living standards, workers have to move to the areas of the country where productivity and therefore, wages are high, and where unemployment is low. Third chapter more over examines the factors that prevent Ukrainians from moving. Fourth chapter offers recommendations for creating greater labor mobility in Ukraine. It explains how addressing the institutional bottlenecks that affect internal mobility will allow more people, especially the poor, to access better jobs, accelerating growth and enabling living standards to rise.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2012-05
Subjects:	ACTUAL COSTS, ADULT MALES, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGE COMPOSITION, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AVERAGE WAGES, BIRTH RATES, BOTH SEXES, COLLEGE GRADUATES, COUNTRY COMPARISONS, CRAFTSMEN, CULTURAL VALUES, CURRENT PRICES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DIVORCE, DOCUMENTED MIGRANTS, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, ECONOMIC TRANSITION, ECONOMIC VOLATILITY, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION, EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION RULES, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT SERVICE, ESTIMATED PROBABILITY, EXTERNAL MIGRATION, FIRM LEVEL, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FORMAL LABOR MARKET, FREE TRADE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS WAGE, GROSS WAGES, HIGH EMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNAL _ MIGRATION, INTERNAL MIGRANTS, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNAL MIGRATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOB CREATION, JOB DESTRUCTION, JOB SEEKER, JOB TURNOVER, JOB VACANCIES, JOBS, LABOR ALLOCATION, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRANTS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, LABOR REALLOCATION, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOR TURNOVER, LABOUR, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL LABOR MARKET, LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, MARKET ECONOMY, METROPOLITAN AREAS, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION DATA, MIGRATION FLOW, MIGRATION FLOWS, MIGRATION PATTERNS, MIGRATION RATES, MIGRATION STATISTICS, MILITARY PERSONNEL, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOBILITY OF LABOR, MODERNIZATION, MORTALITY, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE, MUNICIPALITIES, NET LOSSES, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, PERMANENT RESIDENCE, PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION MIGRATION, PRIMARY REASON, PRIMARY SOURCE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTION UNITS, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, PUSH FACTORS, REGIONAL POLICIES, REGIONAL POPULATION, RETAIL TRADE, RETIREMENT, RETURN MIGRATION, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL RESIDENTS, SALARIED WORKERS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVANTS, SEX, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS, SPOUSE, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, TEENS, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE UNIONS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNSKILLED JOBS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN SETTLEMENTS, URBANIZATION, WAGE DIFFERENTIAL, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE PREMIUM, WATER SUPPLY, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/17012683/search-opportunities-more-mobile-workforce-can-propel-ukraines-prosperity-vol-2-2-technical-report https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12287
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