Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage
One of the most promising ways to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions, while carbon-free energy sources are developed, is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Non-isothermal effects play a major role in all stages of CCS. In this paper, we review the literature on thermal effects related to CCS, which is receiving an increasing interest as a result of the awareness that the comprehension of non-isothermal processes is crucial for a successful deployment of CCS projects. We start by reviewing CO2 transport, which connects the regions where CO2 is captured with suitable geostorage sites. The optimal conditions for CO2 transport, both onshore (through pipelines) and offshore (through pipelines or ships), are such that CO2 stays in liquid state. To minimize costs, CO2 should ideally be injected at the wellhead in similar pressure and temperature conditions as it is delivered by transport. To optimize the injection conditions, coupled wellbore and reservoir simulators that solve the strongly non-linear problem of CO2 pressure, temperature and density within the wellbore and non-isothermal two-phase flow within the storage formation have been developed. CO2 in its way down the injection well heats up due to compression and friction at a lower rate than the geothermal gradient, and thus, reaches the storage formation at a lower temperature than that of the rock. Inside the storage formation, CO2 injection induces temperature changes due to the advection of the cool injected CO2, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, endothermic water vaporization and exothermic CO2 dissolution. These thermal effects lead to thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical coupled processes with non-trivial interpretations. These coupled processes also play a relevant role in “Utilization” options that may provide an added value to the injected CO2, such as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) and geothermal energy extraction combined with CO2 storage. If the injected CO2 leaks through faults, the caprock or wellbores, strong cooling will occur due to the expansion of CO2 as pressure decreases with depth. Finally, we conclude by identifying research gaps and challenges of thermal effects related to CCS. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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2017-02-01
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Subjects: | Caprock integrity, CO2 leakage, CO2 storage, CO2 transport, Induced microseismicity, Injection schemes, Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings, Well integrity, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/156489 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
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dig-idaea-es-10261-1564892020-05-25T16:39:24Z Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage Vilarrasa, Víctor Rutqvist, Jonny European Commission Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity One of the most promising ways to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions, while carbon-free energy sources are developed, is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Non-isothermal effects play a major role in all stages of CCS. In this paper, we review the literature on thermal effects related to CCS, which is receiving an increasing interest as a result of the awareness that the comprehension of non-isothermal processes is crucial for a successful deployment of CCS projects. We start by reviewing CO2 transport, which connects the regions where CO2 is captured with suitable geostorage sites. The optimal conditions for CO2 transport, both onshore (through pipelines) and offshore (through pipelines or ships), are such that CO2 stays in liquid state. To minimize costs, CO2 should ideally be injected at the wellhead in similar pressure and temperature conditions as it is delivered by transport. To optimize the injection conditions, coupled wellbore and reservoir simulators that solve the strongly non-linear problem of CO2 pressure, temperature and density within the wellbore and non-isothermal two-phase flow within the storage formation have been developed. CO2 in its way down the injection well heats up due to compression and friction at a lower rate than the geothermal gradient, and thus, reaches the storage formation at a lower temperature than that of the rock. Inside the storage formation, CO2 injection induces temperature changes due to the advection of the cool injected CO2, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, endothermic water vaporization and exothermic CO2 dissolution. These thermal effects lead to thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical coupled processes with non-trivial interpretations. These coupled processes also play a relevant role in “Utilization” options that may provide an added value to the injected CO2, such as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) and geothermal energy extraction combined with CO2 storage. If the injected CO2 leaks through faults, the caprock or wellbores, strong cooling will occur due to the expansion of CO2 as pressure decreases with depth. Finally, we conclude by identifying research gaps and challenges of thermal effects related to CCS. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. V.V. acknowledges financial support from the “TRUST” project (European Commission Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement n 309607) and from “FracRisk” project (European Community's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-EU.3.3.2.3 under grant agreement n 640979). This work was funded in part by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, National Risk Assessment Partnership, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Patricia Lopez for drawing Fig. 1. Peer reviewed 2017-10-20T11:24:19Z 2017-10-20T11:24:19Z 2017-02-01 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Earth-Science Reviews: 165: 245-256 (2017) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/156489 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/309607 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/640979 Postprint 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.011 Sí open Elsevier |
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Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity |
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Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity Vilarrasa, Víctor Rutqvist, Jonny Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
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One of the most promising ways to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions, while carbon-free energy sources are developed, is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Non-isothermal effects play a major role in all stages of CCS. In this paper, we review the literature on thermal effects related to CCS, which is receiving an increasing interest as a result of the awareness that the comprehension of non-isothermal processes is crucial for a successful deployment of CCS projects. We start by reviewing CO2 transport, which connects the regions where CO2 is captured with suitable geostorage sites. The optimal conditions for CO2 transport, both onshore (through pipelines) and offshore (through pipelines or ships), are such that CO2 stays in liquid state. To minimize costs, CO2 should ideally be injected at the wellhead in similar pressure and temperature conditions as it is delivered by transport. To optimize the injection conditions, coupled wellbore and reservoir simulators that solve the strongly non-linear problem of CO2 pressure, temperature and density within the wellbore and non-isothermal two-phase flow within the storage formation have been developed. CO2 in its way down the injection well heats up due to compression and friction at a lower rate than the geothermal gradient, and thus, reaches the storage formation at a lower temperature than that of the rock. Inside the storage formation, CO2 injection induces temperature changes due to the advection of the cool injected CO2, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect, endothermic water vaporization and exothermic CO2 dissolution. These thermal effects lead to thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical coupled processes with non-trivial interpretations. These coupled processes also play a relevant role in “Utilization” options that may provide an added value to the injected CO2, such as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) and geothermal energy extraction combined with CO2 storage. If the injected CO2 leaks through faults, the caprock or wellbores, strong cooling will occur due to the expansion of CO2 as pressure decreases with depth. Finally, we conclude by identifying research gaps and challenges of thermal effects related to CCS. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. |
author2 |
European Commission |
author_facet |
European Commission Vilarrasa, Víctor Rutqvist, Jonny |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Caprock integrity CO2 leakage CO2 storage CO2 transport Induced microseismicity Injection schemes Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical couplings Well integrity |
author |
Vilarrasa, Víctor Rutqvist, Jonny |
author_sort |
Vilarrasa, Víctor |
title |
Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
title_short |
Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
title_full |
Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
title_fullStr |
Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
title_sort |
thermal effects on geologic carbon storage |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/156489 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
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AT vilarrasavictor thermaleffectsongeologiccarbonstorage AT rutqvistjonny thermaleffectsongeologiccarbonstorage |
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