Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis
© 2015, by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed.
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2015
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Subjects: | Bone health, Bone remodelling, Vitamin D, Anemia, Iron deficiency, Osteoporosis, Bone resorption, Bone formation, Iron overload, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/114899 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003339 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
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dig-ictan-es-10261-1148992021-12-28T16:18:23Z Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis Toxqui, Laura Vaquero, M. Pilar Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload © 2015, by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed. This review is part of the Spanish project AGL2009-11437. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). Peer Reviewed 2015-05-08T08:27:48Z 2015-05-08T08:27:48Z 2015 2015-05-08T08:27:48Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.3390/nu7042324 issn: 2072-6643 Nutrients 7 (4): 2324-2344 (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/114899 10.3390/nu7042324 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003339 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 25849944 #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2009-11437 Publisher's versión https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042324 Sí open Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload |
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Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload Toxqui, Laura Vaquero, M. Pilar Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
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© 2015, by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed. |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) Toxqui, Laura Vaquero, M. Pilar |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Bone health Bone remodelling Vitamin D Anemia Iron deficiency Osteoporosis Bone resorption Bone formation Iron overload |
author |
Toxqui, Laura Vaquero, M. Pilar |
author_sort |
Toxqui, Laura |
title |
Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
title_short |
Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
title_full |
Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
title_fullStr |
Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis |
title_sort |
chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/114899 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003339 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT toxquilaura chronicirondeficiencyasanemergingriskfactorforosteoporosisahypothesis AT vaquerompilar chronicirondeficiencyasanemergingriskfactorforosteoporosisahypothesis |
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1777670512491626496 |